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(CMS) . We also follow the European Accessibility Act’s guidelines and supply alt text for all illustrations and tag foreign-language words and phrases, which allows a screen reader to know when a shift in the dominant language occurs, making pronunciations more accurate.  \nABBREVIATIONS  \nCorporate, municipal, national, and supranational abbreviations and acronyms appear in full caps. Most initialisms (abbreviations pronounced as strings of letters) are preceded by the.  \nfurther expansion of NATO’s membership  \ndissent within the AFL-CIO  \nsexism is rampant at IBM  \ncertain US constituencies  \nSpell out Latin abbreviations such as i.e., e.g., and etc. in the text, though allow abbreviations within parentheses in the text. Allow abbreviations in notes. When used, these abbreviations are set in roman type, not italics. The word sic, however, is italicized.  \nPersonal initials have periods and are spaced.  \nW. E. B. Du Bois; C. D. Wright  \nABSTRACTS  \nSubstantial articles should include an abstract of approximately 200 words. Book reviews and short issue introductions do not require abstracts.  \nAbstracts should be written in the third person (“This article proposes . . .”), not the first person (“I propose . . .”) .  \nIt is preferable for abstracts to summarize the content and argument of the article, not describe the contents and argument. For example:  \nThe Marxist theory of primitive accumulation explains the rise of the postbellum cotton industry in the southern United States. However, it fails to account for the parallel penetration of railways into the region. Federal subsidies played a significant role in supporting railways, demonstrating the link between a protoglobal industry and federal government, which sought to promote “free labor” and international trade.  \nnot  \nThis article defends the view that the Marxist theory of primitive accumulation explains . . .  \nCAPITALIZATION. See also SPELLING AND HYPHENATION  \nSee CMS, chap. 8, for general guidance on capitalization.  \nIn Romance and other languages, use diacritics with capital letters.  \nAfter a Colon  \nIf the material introduced by a colon consists of a complete sentence, or if it is a quotation or a speech in dialogue, it should begin with a capital letter. Otherwise, it begins with a lowercase letter. See CMS 6.65, 6.67.  \nQuotations  \nSilently correct initial capitalization in quotations depending on the relationship of the quotation to the rest of the sentence (see CMS 12.19) . For instance:  \nSmith stated that “we must carefully consider all aspects of the problem.”  \nbut  \nSmith stated,“We must carefully consider all aspects of the problem.”  \nA lowercase letter following a period plus an ellipsis should be capitalized if it begins a grammatically complete sentence (CMS 12 .62).  \nThe spirit of our American radicalism is destructive. . . . The conservative movement . . . is timid, and merely defensive of property.  \nTerms  \nA down (lowercase) style is generally preferred for terms. See CMS, chap. 8, for detailed guidelines on capitalization of terms.  \nTitles of Works  \nFor titles in English, capitalize the first and last words and all nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, subordinating conjunctions (if, because, that, etc.), and prepositions with five or more characters (about, between, without, etc.). Lowercase articles (a, an, the), coordinating conjunctions, prepositions with four or fewer characters (on, of, with, etc.), the to in infinitives, and the word as in any function. In rare cases, a shorter preposition may be capitalized when paired with a longer preposition (for in For and Against) . See CMS 8.160.  \nFor hyphenated and open compounds in titles in English, capitalize first elements; subsequent elements are capitalized unless they are articles, prepositions with four or fewer ","cbCaigVVcgWuPDsr","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaigVVcgWuPDsr","pdf",307869,"English","# Abbreviations\n## Initialisms and punctuation\n## Latin abbreviations\n\n# Abstracts\n## Length and inclusion\n## Third-person requirement\n## Summarizing argument vs. describing contents\n\n# Capitalization and related rules\n## After a colon\n## Quotations and capitalization changes\n## Titles of works (title case)\n\n# Contributor’s note requirements\n\n# Dates and times","[{\"question\":\"Which style references does the Duke University Press journals guide follow?\",\"answer\":\"It applies the house style guide and The Chicago Manual of Style, 18th ed. (CMS). It also follows the European Accessibility Act’s accessibility guidelines and requires alt text for illustrations and tagging of foreign-language words and phrases.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the requirements for article abstracts?\",\"answer\":\"Substantial articles should include an abstract of approximately 200 words. Abstracts must be written in the third person, and they should summarize the article’s content and argument rather than merely describing it.\"},{\"question\":\"How should capitalization be handled after a colon in running text?\",\"answer\":\"If the material after the colon is a complete sentence, a quotation, or dialogue speech, begin with a capital letter; otherwise, begin with a lowercase letter.\"}]","Duke University Press Journals Style Guide - See Chicago Manual of Style (18th ed.) and Accessibility Act | PDF",1792705961]