[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-42515-en":3,"doc-seo-42515-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":92},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},42515,1374391975076,"Riley","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/14000253ca4ec9f6853?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1783305029341752051",8,"Research & Report","Dueling Perceptions British and Egyptian Interactions 1882 1919","The dissertation examines how occupied Egyptians and British occupiers understood one another from 1882 to 1919, using Egypt as the central case study. It analyzes diverse Egyptian factions’ perceptions of the British Empire and evaluates how well British officials comprehended the Egyptians they ruled, especially prominent elites they needed to manage or exclude from power. It also connects perception gaps to major political events, notably the 1919 nationalist upheaval and its long-term effects on Anglo-Egyptian relations.","Copyright by  \nSaad Ghazi Abi-Hamad 2007  \nThe Dissertation Committee for Saad Ghazi Abi-Hamad Certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation:  \nDueling Perceptions:  \nBritish and Egyptian Interactions, 1882-1919  \nCommittee:  \n\n| William R. Louis, Supervisor |\n| --- |\n| Denise A. Spellberg |\n| M. Gwyn Morgan |\n| Kamran S. Aghaie |\n\nMichael J. Reimer  \nDueling Perceptions:  \nBritish and Egyptian Interactions, 1882-1919  \nby  \nSaad Ghazi Abi-Hamad, B.A.; M.A.  \nDissertation  \nPresented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of  \nDoctor of Philosophy  \nThe University of Texas at Austin May 2007  \nDueling Perceptions:  \nBritish and Egyptian Interactions, 1882-1919  \nPublication No.   \nSaad Ghazi Abi-Hamad, Ph.D.  \nThe University of Texas at Austin, 2007  \nSupervisor: William Roger Louis  \nThis study is an attempt to ascertain the degree to which occupied and occupier can truly understand each other. The focus is Egypt between 1882 and 1919. This work attempts to ascertain how a whole host of Egyptians of various outlooks perceived the British Empire that had recently occupied their country. It investigates the perceptions that each of these factions held of the British. Then, it looks into just how well those very same British occupiers understood the Egyptians they ruled. More specifically, the British perceptions of the prominent Egyptians with whom they either had to share some power or wished to exclude from power altogether.  \nTable of Contents  \nIntroduction………..………………………………………………………………………1  \nReformers, Islamists, and Nationalists: Evolution of an Ideology………………..………9  \nReformers, Islamists, and Nationalists: Perceptions ofthe British Empire...……...….....38  \nConsul-Generals, Agents, and High Commissioners: A Special Breed…………………88  \nThe Anglo-Egyptian and British Administrations: Perceptions and Reactions………...118  \nConclusion…………………………………………………...…………………………156  \nBibliography……………………………………………………………………………160  \nVita…………………………………………………………………………….……….163  \nIntroduction  \nWhen violent demonstrations broke out all over Egypt in 1919 after the deportation of the nationalist politicians involved in forming the wafd, the Egyptian nationalist delegation, the British were for the most part caught unaware. The British comprehension of Egyptian public opinion seemed woefully and dangerously out of date. The British had not realized just how thoroughly the wafd had managed to capture and hold Egyptian public opinion, behind their demands for complete Egyptian independence. The sudden and violent outpouring of Egyptian resentment against the British occupation was widespread and in some ways reminiscent of the 1882 Urabi revolution. The demonstrators came from all walks of life, including the previously quiescent peasant farmers--a shocking development for the British, who had prided themselves on being the guardians ofthe poor farmers. Britain had conquered Egypt in 1882 with the consent of its Ottoman suzerain, but justified its continued occupation with claims of moral responsibility towards the downtrodden peasant. This violent peasant rejection of Britain’s role in Egypt was an excellent indicator of just how badly the British were out of touch with Egyptian developments.  \nThe demonstrations were eventually suppressed, but only after the use of military force and the shedding of blood. Indeed, in another echo of the initial invasion of 1882, the British dispatched a destroyer to the shores of Alexandria to remind the Egyptians of the fatal consequences of opposing British demands. But here again the British seemed to have misread the situation, for the populist involvement in the 1919 revolution was far greater than in that of 1882. In 1882 the defeat ofUrabi’s troops, and the surrender of the leadership, had ended the conflict and allowed Britain to offer conciliatory terms and attract collaborators. The circums","cbCais677lQAocuS","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCais677lQAocuS","pdf",768199,5,1,168,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n## Reformers, Islamists, and Nationalists: Evolution of an Ideology\n## Reformers, Islamists, and Nationalists: Perceptions of the British Empire\n## Consul-Generals, Agents, and High Commissioners: A Special Breed\n## The Anglo-Egyptian and British Administrations: Perceptions and Reactions\n## Conclusion\n# Bibliography\n# Vita","[{\"question\":\"What core question guides the study of 1882–1919 interactions?\",\"answer\":\"The study seeks the degree to which the occupied and the occupier could truly understand each other, focusing on Egypt’s perceptions of British rule and the British understanding of Egyptian society.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the dissertation connect the 1919 demonstrations to earlier conflict in Egypt?\",\"answer\":\"It frames 1919 violent demonstrations as echoing the 1882 Urabi revolution, emphasizing that British authorities seemed unprepared for the breadth and intensity of Egyptian popular resentment.\"},{\"question\":\"Which kinds of actors does the dissertation examine to explain perception differences?\",\"answer\":\"It examines Egyptian factions with varying outlooks, and it also studies British officials and institutions, including officials such as consuls-generals, agents, and high commissioners, plus the British and Anglo-Egyptian administrations’ perceptions and 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core question guides the study of 1882–1919 interactions?","Question",{"text":76,"@type":77},"The study seeks the degree to which the occupied and the occupier could truly understand each other, focusing on Egypt’s perceptions of British rule and the British understanding of Egyptian society.","Answer",{"name":79,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":80},"How does the dissertation connect the 1919 demonstrations to earlier conflict in Egypt?",{"text":81,"@type":77},"It frames 1919 violent demonstrations as echoing the 1882 Urabi revolution, emphasizing that British authorities seemed unprepared for the breadth and intensity of Egyptian popular resentment.",{"name":83,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":84},"Which kinds of actors does the dissertation examine to explain perception differences?",{"text":85,"@type":77},"It examines Egyptian factions with varying outlooks, and it also studies British officials and institutions, including officials such as consuls-generals, agents, and high commissioners, 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