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The European Union Timber Regulation (2010) sets mandatory due diligence for EU timber imports, while FSC and PEFC address key sustainability hotspots. 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Verification of Timber from the DR Congo  \nCountry-focused commodity analysis in the context of the Bio-Macht project  \nFreiburg,  \nDecember 2019  \nProject-ID: 031B0235B  \nAuthors  \nTobias Schleicher, Öko-Institut e.V. Fafali Ziga-Abortta, Öko-Institut e.V. Klaus Hennenberg , Öko-Institut e.V.  \nHead Office Freiburg  \nP.O. Box 17 71  \n79017 Freiburg  \nStreet address  \nMerzhauser Strasse 173 79100 Freiburg  \nTel. +49 761 45295-0  \nOffice Berlin  \nSchicklerstrasse 5-7 10179 Berlin  \nTel. +49 30 405085-0  \nOffice Darmstadt  \nRheinstrasse 95  \n64295 Darmstadt  \nTel. +49 6151 8191-0  \n[info@oeko.de](info@oeko.de)[ ](info@oeko.de)[www.oeko.de](www.oeko.de)  \nCountry Partner  \nRéseau pour la Conservation et la Réhabilitation des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (Réseau CREF)  \nTable of Contents  \nList of Figures 5  \nList of Tables 6  \nList of Abbreviations 7  \nAbstract 8  \n1. Background 8  \n2. Timber in the context of the DR Congo 9  \n2.1. Overview 9  \n2.2. Timber Species from the DRC 11  \n2.3. Companies & DR Congo’s role on the world timber market 11  \n2.4. Export of Timber from the DRC 12  \n2.5. Illegal Logging & Trade 13  \n3. International Forest Certification and Protection Schemes 14  \n3.1. Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) 14  \n3.2. Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC) 15 3.3. Evaluation of Certification Schemes 15  \n3.3.1. Evaluation Method 15  \n3.3.2. Results 16  \n3.4. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna  \nand Flora 18  \n4. European Union Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade  \nAction Plan 19  \n4.1. Due Diligence in the European Union Timber Regulation 19  \n4.1.1. General Information 19  \n4.1.2. Due diligence system in practice 19  \n4.1.3. Case Study: FSC certification as a vital contribution to risk assessment and risk mitigation in DDS 20  \n4.1.4. The information obligation 20  \n4.1.5. The risk assessment obligation 20  \n4.1.6. The risk mitigation obligation 21  \n5. Due Diligence in the Context of the DRC 21  \n5.1. Due Diligence for Conflict Minerals and Timber from the DRC 21  \n5.2. Risk Assessment for Timber from the DRC 22  \n5.2.1. Background 22  \n5.3. Legality Verification Systems 23  \n5.3.1. Mandatory Legality Verification (MLV) 23  \n5.3.2. Voluntary Legality Verification (VLV) 24  \n5.3.3. Definition of Legality under the FLEGT-VPA and the EU Timber Regulation 24  \n5.3.4. Requirements for Chain of Custody 25  \n5.3.5. Stepwise Technical Support Programs 26  \n5.4. Case Study: The SGS Legality Verification System 26  \n5.4.1. General Information 27  \n5.4.2. Components of the System 27  \n5.5. Comparison of Legality Verification Systems 30  \n6. Timber Governance in Ghana and the DR Congo 34  \n7. Conclusions & Outlook 36  \nReferences 38  \nList of Figures  \nFigure 2-1: The Congo River Drainage Basin 10  \nFigure 2-2: Export of Forest Products from the DRC 12  \nFigure 5-1: Generic Timber Supply Chain 28  \nFigure 5-2: Barcode tag provided by SGS 28  \nFigure 5-3: Sample of a FLEGT-Licence 29  \nList of Tables  \nTable 2-1: Official Timber Production and Trade Balance 10  \nTable 2-2: Timber species exploited in the DRC between 2013-2016 11  \nTable 2-3: Estimated Market Shares of Timber logging companies in the DRC 12  \nTable 3-1: Evaluation method: Applied criteria 16  \nTable 3-2: Results of the evaluation of FSC and PEFC Criteria 17  \nTable 5-1: Differences in Due Diligence in the supply chain of Conflict Minerals and Timber 22  \nTable 5-2: Related Reports on high-risk of sourcing Timber from the DRC 23  \nTable 5-3: Lists of Voluntary Legality Verification Systems in the DRC 24  \nTable 5-4: FLEGT Legality Assurance System vs. Voluntary Legality Verification Systems 25  \nTable 5-5: Comparison of Legality Verification Systems 31  \nTable 6-1: International Comparison of Timber Legality Governance 35  \nList of Abbreviations  \nCITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora  \nCoC Chain of Custody  \nDDS Due","cbCaiqjuU1Mdaanz","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqjuU1Mdaanz","pdf",914309,"English","# Table of Contents\n## List of Figures\n## List of Tables\n## List of Abbreviations\n## Abstract\n## 1. Background\n## 2. Timber in the context of the DR Congo\n## 3. International Forest Certification and Protection Schemes\n## 4. European Union Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade Action Plan\n## 5. Due Diligence in the Context of the DRC\n## 6. Timber Governance in Ghana and the DR Congo\n## 7. Conclusions & Outlook","[{\"question\":\"What is the main purpose of the report on DR Congo timber?\",\"answer\":\"The report reviews due diligence, certification, and legality verification schemes for timber from the Democratic Republic of Congo, and evaluates how these mechanisms address illegal logging and trade risks.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the EU Timber Regulation relate to due diligence for timber imports?\",\"answer\":\"The report explains that the EU Timber Regulation, launched in 2010, sets mandatory due diligence requirements for timber imported into the EU.\"},{\"question\":\"Which certification and legality verification approaches are assessed for the DRC context?\",\"answer\":\"It covers internationally recognized sustainability certification schemes (FSC and PEFC) and various legality verification systems developed to support due diligence and legality verification in the upstream DRC supply chain.\"}]","Due Diligence, Certification and Legality Verification of Timber from the DR Congo - Country-focused commodity analysis in the context of the Bio-Macht project | PDF",1791014363,101]