[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-370521-105":59,"doc-detail-370521-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","dual-roles-of-methylglyoxal-in-cancer-review","Dual roles of methylglyoxal in cancer - Review","","Cancer treatment relies on combined chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, yet drug resistance and metabolic complexity limit durable benefit. Methylglyoxal (MG), a glycolysis-derived metabolite with hormesis, can promote or suppress tumors depending on its concentration during cancer progression. The review examines how MG-related metabolic pathways influence cell metabolism and tumor progression, with emphasis on therapeutic strategies that lower MG stress in pre-cancer stages or exploit MG toxicity to inhibit cancer progression, supporting precise individualized care.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/dual-roles-of-methylglyoxal-in-cancer-review/370521/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/dual-roles-of-methylglyoxal-in-cancer-review/370521.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Kyle","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-02","2026-09-23",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why is MG considered important in cancer progression?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"MG is a highly reactive dicarbonyl generated during glycolysis. Persistent accumulation can induce MG stress, promote formation of AGEs, and activate RAGE signaling, which supports tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does methylglyoxal show dual roles in cancer?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"MG demonstrates dose-dependent hormesis: at low concentrations it can promote malignant transformation and carcinogenesis, while at higher concentrations it exerts cytotoxicity and inhibits tumor growth by inducing apoptosis in cancer cells.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What therapeutic approach does the review propose for different cancer stages?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It proposes MG capture therapy for the pre-cancerous stage to reduce MG, and MG toxicity therapy for the cancer stage to exploit MG’s cytotoxic effects to suppress progression.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},370521,1791457760,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},3985741905716,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d","TYPE Review  \nPUBLISHED 25 April 2025  \nDOI 10.3389/fonc.2025.1557162  \nOPEN ACCESS  \nEDITED BY  \nLeilei Wu,  \nUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China  \nREVIEWED BY  \nJing-Sheng Cai,  \nPeking University People ’s Hospital, China Yang Pan,  \nZhejiang Cancer Hospital, China  \n*CORRESPONDENCE  \nMin Liu  \n [liumin6958@163.com](liumin6958@163.com)  \nRECEIVED 08 January 2025  \nACCEPTED 04 April 2025  \nPUBLISHED 25 April 2025  \nCITATION  \nWang Z, Liu S, Zhang M and Liu M (2025) Dual roles of methylglyoxal in cancer.  \nFront. Oncol. 15:1557162 .  \ndoi: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1557162  \nCOPYRIGHT  \n© 2025 Wang, Liu, Zhang and Liu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.  \nDual roles of methylglyoxal in cancer  \nZongao Wang, Shaojun Liu, Minghui Zhang and Min Liu*  \nDepartment of Oncology, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China  \nCancer treatment currently includes a variety of approaches. Chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy are combined based on cancer characteristics to develop personalized treatment plans. However, drug resistance can hinder the progress of treatment over time. Methylglyoxal (MG) is a metabolite with hormesis, exhibiting both pro-tumor and anti-tumor actions depending on its concentration during cancer progression. The MG-related metabolic pathway is being explored in the development of anti-cancer drugs, focusing on reducing MG stress or exploiting its cytotoxic effects to inhibit cancer progression. This article investigates the dual role of MG in cancer, emphasizing its effects on cell metabolism and tumor progression. It proposes MG capture therapy for the pre-cancerous stage and MG toxicity therapy for the cancer stage, contributing to the development of precise and individualized cancer treatments.  \nKEYWORDS  \ncancer, hormesis, methylglyoxal, glyoxalase 1, therapeutics  \nFrontiers in Oncology 01 [frontiersin.org](frontiersin.org)  \nWang et al. 10.3389/fonc.2025.1557162  \n\n|  |\n| --- |\n| |\n| GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT\u003Cbr>InSR, Insulin Receptor; NK cell, natural killer cell. |\n\n1 Introduction  \nAccording to data from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), the incidence and mortality of cancer remain remarkably high. Nearly 20 million new cases and approximately 10 million deaths were reported in 2022; this upward trend is projected to persist (1) . Despite significant advances in precision medicine and immunotherapy in recent years, cancer remains a substantial global health challenge (2) . Critical risk factors, including smoking, obesity, radiation, and infection, can disrupt normal cellular metabolism, leading to an imbalance between metabolite generation and detoxification, which consequently promotes cancer development. At present, the development of traditional cytotoxic drugs has slowed down (3) . At the same time, due to the complexity of cancer cell metabolism and compensatory mechanisms, the efficacy of strategies exclusively targeting tumor cell building block synthesis remains limited (4) . Therefore, there isan urgent need to explore new therapeutic targets in order to overcome the limitations of conventional treatments and to enhance the clinical efficacy of cancer therapy.  \nAn important metabolic feature of cancer is the Warburg effect, whereby cancer cells rely predominantly on glycolysis for energy even under normoxic conditions. This metabolic reprogramming not only fulfills the energy demands required for the rapid proliferation of cancer cells but also results in the accumulation of numerous toxic by-products (e.g., methy","cbCairPrGp3BbJHm","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairPrGp3BbJHm","pdf",4651726,18,"English","# Introduction\n## Cancer incidence and current treatment challenges\n## Warburg effect and toxic by-product accumulation\n## MG stress, AGEs, and RAGE-driven tumor promotion\n## Dose-dependent hormesis and therapeutic implications","[{\"question\":\"Why is MG considered important in cancer progression?\",\"answer\":\"MG is a highly reactive dicarbonyl generated during glycolysis. Persistent accumulation can induce MG stress, promote formation of AGEs, and activate RAGE signaling, which supports tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis.\"},{\"question\":\"How does methylglyoxal show dual roles in cancer?\",\"answer\":\"MG demonstrates dose-dependent hormesis: at low concentrations it can promote malignant transformation and carcinogenesis, while at higher concentrations it exerts cytotoxicity and inhibits tumor growth by inducing apoptosis in cancer cells.\"},{\"question\":\"What therapeutic approach does the review propose for different cancer stages?\",\"answer\":\"It proposes MG capture therapy for the pre-cancerous stage to reduce MG, and MG toxicity therapy for the cancer stage to exploit MG’s cytotoxic effects to suppress progression.\"}]","Dual roles of methylglyoxal in cancer - Review | PDF",1790188946,45]