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After examinations and surgeries, she was diagnosed with dual primary cancers: skin cancer (poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma) and lung cancer (acinar adenocarcinoma and solid adenocarcinoma). The report outlines diagnostic criteria, treatment principles, and the need for long-term close follow-up in multiple primary cancers. 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Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery (2026) 21:71  \n[https://doi.org/10.1186/s13019-025-03793-0](https://doi.org/10.1186/s13019-025-03793-0)  \nJournal of Cardiothoracic Surgery  \nCASE REPORT Open Access  \nDual primary cancers of skin cancer and lung cancer: a case report  \nBowei He1,2†, Hanbing Zhang1,2†, Yu Guo1,2† and Yongbin Song3,1,2*  \nAbstract  \nThis case report details a 76-year-old female patient presenting with a back mass and lung lesions. After a series of examinations and surgeries, she was diagnosed with dual primary cancers of skin (poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma) and lung (acinar adenocarcinoma and solid adenocarcinoma) . The article discusses the diagnostic criteria, treatment options, and the importance of long-term follow-up for multiple primary cancers, highlighting the increasing incidence trend and relevant influencing factors. Given that cancer patients have a high risk of developing a second primary tumor, even if the primary tumor has undergone radical surgery, long-term and close follow-up is still necessary. During the follow-up process, attention should not only be paid to the changes in the organ where the primary tumor is located, but also to the abnormalities in other organs. Comparing pathological sections and combining molecular biological methods such as immunohistochemistry can help accurately identify the second primary cancer. For the treatment of the second primary cancer, the same principles as those for the first primary cancer should be followed, with radical surgical resection being the first choice. To improve the treatment effect, it is necessary to regularly monitor patients after the treatment of the first primary cancer, so as to detect the second primary cancer at an early stage, strive for early treatment opportunities, and thus improve the overall treatment outcome.  \nKeywords Dual primary cancers, Skin cancer, Lung cancer, Immunohistochemistry, Follow-up  \nBackground  \nCancer is a major disease that seriously threatens human health. In recent years, its incidence and mortality rates have been on the rise globally. With the advancement of medical technology, the promotion of early cancer screening, and the extension of patients’ survival periods, Multiple Primary Cancers (MPC) have gradually  \n†Bowei He, Hanbing Zhang andYu Guo contributed equally to this work.  \n*Correspondence: Yongbin Song [hebxwk@163.com](hebxwk@163.com)  \n1Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China 2Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China  \n3Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, No. 348, Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, China  \ncome to the fore, among which double primary cancers are relatively common. Double primary cancers refer to the occurrence of two malignant tumors with different origins simultaneously or sequentially in the same individual. This phenomenon challenges traditional cancer diagnosis and treatment concepts, and its diagnosis and treatment are different from those of single primary cancers.This case report aims to provide a detailed account of a case of double primary cancers involving skin cancer and lung cancer. By elaborating on the diagnosis process, treatment methods, and follow-up of this case, it serves as a reference for clinicians in handling such rare cases. Meanwhile, it further explores the key points of diagnosis and treatment of double primary cancers and their clinical.Current research shows that the incidence of double primary cancers varies greatly in different studies, which  \n© The Author(s) 2026. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified th","cbCaib4IWFMCwwkp","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaib4IWFMCwwkp","pdf",1088825,"English","# Abstract\n# Background\n# Case description\n# Diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up considerations","[{\"question\":\"What cancers were diagnosed in the reported patient?\",\"answer\":\"The patient was diagnosed with dual primary cancers: skin cancer (poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma) and lung cancer (acinar adenocarcinoma and solid adenocarcinoma).\"},{\"question\":\"Why is long-term follow-up emphasized after treatment of the first primary cancer?\",\"answer\":\"Cancer patients have a high risk of developing a second primary tumor. Even after radical surgery of the first cancer, ongoing close follow-up is necessary to detect the second cancer early.\"},{\"question\":\"How should clinicians identify a second primary cancer accurately?\",\"answer\":\"Accurate identification relies on comparing pathological sections and combining molecular biological methods such as immunohistochemistry to distinguish the second primary from other possibilities.\"}]","Dual primary cancers of skin cancer and lung cancer - a case report | PDF",1790055011]