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Emerging evidence shows cancer stem cells contribute to progression, drug resistance, metastasis, and recurrence and can trans-differentiate in response to treatment. The review argues for novel management strategies: repurposing existing non-cancer drugs with anticancer activity and combining micronutrients to target both tumors and cancer stem cells, improving tumor growth control.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/drug-repurposing-a-novel-strategy-to-target-cancer-stem-cells-and-therapeutic-resistance/377117/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/drug-repurposing-a-novel-strategy-to-target-cancer-stem-cells-and-therapeutic-resistance/377117.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Melati","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-02","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why is chemotherapy considered insufficient for many cancer patients?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Chemotherapy is effective at prolonging survival but often does not guarantee complete cure and is frequently associated with severe adverse effects and toxicity to normal cells.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What role do cancer stem cells play in cancer outcomes?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Cancer stem cells are linked to cancer progression, drug resistance, metastasis, and recurrence, and they can trans-differentiate into cancer cells in response to treatments.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How does the paper propose improving cancer therapy?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It proposes screening available non-cancerous drugs for anticancer activity and using micronutrients and combination approaches to target both cancer and cancer stem cells for better tumor growth control.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},377117,1790531952,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},962085570644,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d","Genes & Diseases (2024) 11, 148e175  \nAvailable online [at](at www.sciencedirect.com)[ www.sciencedirect.com](at www.sciencedirect.com)  \nScienceDirect  \njournal [homepage:](homepage: www. keaipublishing. com/en/journals/genes-diseases)[ www. keaipublishing. com/en/journals/genes-diseases](homepage: www. keaipublishing. com/en/journals/genes-diseases)  \nREVIEW ARTICLE  \nDrug repurposing: A novel strategy to target cancer stem cells and therapeutic resistance Divya Ajmeera* , Rajanna Ajumeera*  \nCell Biology Department, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India  \nReceived 5 April 2022; received in revised form 21 November 2022; accepted 8 December 2022 Available online 20 January 2023  \nKEYWORDS Cancer stem cells; Chemotherapy; Combination therapy micronutrients; Non-cancer drugs;  \nNovel strategies  \nAbstract Chemotherapy is an effortless and frequently used approach in cancer therapy. However, in most cases, it can only prolong life expectancy and does not guarantee a complete cure. Furthermore, chemotherapy is associated with severe adverse effects, one of the major complications of effective cancer therapy. In addition, newly published research outputs show that cancer stem cells are involved in cancer disease progression, drug resistance, metastasis, and recurrence and that they are functional in the trans-differentiation capacity of cancer stem cells to cancer cells in response to treatments. Novel strategies are therefore required for better management of cancer therapy. The prime approach would be to synthesize and develop novel drugs that need extensive resources, time, and endurance to be brought into therapeutic use. The subsequent approach would be to screen the anti-cancer activity of available non-cancerous drugs. This concept of repurposing non-cancer drugs as an alternative to current cancer therapy has become popular in recent years because using existing anticancer drugs has several adverse effects. Micronutrients have also been investigated for cancer therapy due to their significant anti-cancer effects with negligible or no side effects and availability in food sources. In this paper, we discuss an ideal hypothesis for screening available noncancerous drugs with anticancer activity, with a focus on cancer stem cells and their clinical application for cancer treatment. Further, drug repurposing and the combination of micronutrients that can target both cancers and cancer stem cells may result in a better therapeutic approach leading to maximum tumor growth control.  \nª 2023 The Authors. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. , Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ([http://creativecommons](http://creativecommons). org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) .  \n* Corresponding author.  \nE-mail addresses: [divyaphdku@gmail.com](divyaphdku@gmail.com) (D. Ajmeera), [arajanna@gmail.com](arajanna@gmail.com) (R. Ajumeera).  \nPeer review under responsibility of Chongqing Medical University.  \n[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gendis.2022.12.013](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gendis.2022.12.013)  \n2352-3042/ª 2023 The Authors. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ([http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)).  \nAbbreviations  \nATRA all-transretinoic acid  \nCEA carcinoma embryonic antigen CSCs cancer stem cells  \nDNA deoxyribonucleic acid EGCG epigallocatechin gallate  \nEGFR epidermal growth factor receptor EMA epithelial membrane antigen  \nEMT epithelial to mesenchymal transition EpCAM epithelial cell adhesion molecule FDA Food and Drug Administration  \nFRB FKBP-rapamycin binding MAbs monoclonal antibodies MDR1 multi-drug resistant protein-1  \nmTOR mammalian target of rapamycin  \nmTORC1 mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 ROR receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor STAT signal","cbCaioUcNWjepbFR","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaioUcNWjepbFR","pdf",3778215,28,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Limitations of current cancer therapies\n## Need for newer advanced modalities\n## Role of cancer stem cells","[{\"question\":\"Why is chemotherapy considered insufficient for many cancer patients?\",\"answer\":\"Chemotherapy is effective at prolonging survival but often does not guarantee complete cure and is frequently associated with severe adverse effects and toxicity to normal cells.\"},{\"question\":\"What role do cancer stem cells play in cancer outcomes?\",\"answer\":\"Cancer stem cells are linked to cancer progression, drug resistance, metastasis, and recurrence, and they can trans-differentiate into cancer cells in response to treatments.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the paper propose improving cancer therapy?\",\"answer\":\"It proposes screening available non-cancerous drugs for anticancer activity and using micronutrients and combination approaches to target both cancer and cancer stem cells for better tumor growth control.\"}]","Drug repurposing: A novel strategy to target cancer stem cells and therapeutic resistance | PDF",1790223285,71]