[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-296234-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-296234-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","driving-europe-building-europe-on-roads-in-the-twentieth-century","Driving Europe - Building Europe on roads in the twentieth century","","Driving Europe examines how Europe was built through road transport across the twentieth century, linking everyday mobility to political negotiation, infrastructure development, and regulatory change. It contrasts the difficulties faced by motorists around 1900—import duties, national driving tests, and border obstacles—with later efforts to harmonize rules and create continental road networks. The thesis draws on archives of international organizations and spans topics from standardized traffic signs to tourism transport such as the Europabus in the 1950s.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/driving-europe-building-europe-on-roads-in-the-twentieth-century/296234/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/driving-europe-building-europe-on-roads-in-the-twentieth-century/296234.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Himbo","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-18",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What central topic does Driving Europe focus on?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"It focuses on the intersection of Europe and roads and how road transport shaped Europe during the twentieth century.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How did cross-border driving around 1900 differ from later decades?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Around 1900, drivers faced import hurdles and had to pass driving tests in each country, while later developments involved negotiations to solve regulatory problems.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What kinds of outcomes does the book cover from these negotiations?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"It covers continental road networks and rule sets, including standardized traffic signs and examples like the Europabus taking tourists from Stockholm to Rome in the 1950s.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},296234,1789729836,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,111,115,120,123,127],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":112,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":126},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":128,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":130},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":132},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":133,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":112,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":80,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},687197100911,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/a000239b6f1da00475?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1785132997149421697","Driving Europe : building Europe on roads in the twentieth century  \nCitation for published version (APA):  \nSchipper, F. (2008) . Driving Europe : building Europe on roads in the twentieth century. [Phd Thesis 1 (Research TU/e / Graduation TU/e), Industrial Engineering and Innovation Sciences] . Technische Universiteit Eindhoven. [https://doi.org/10.6100/IR638670](https://doi.org/10.6100/IR638670)  \nDOI:  \n10.6100/IR638670  \nDocument status and date:  \nPublished: 01/01/2008  \nDocument Version:  \nPublisher’s PDF, also known as Version of Record (includes final page, issue and volume numbers)  \nPlease check the document version of this publication:  \n• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website.  \n• The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review.  \n• The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.  \nLink to publication  \nGeneral rights  \nCopyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.  \n• Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research.  \n• You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain  \n• You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal.  \nIf the publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the “Taverne” license above, please follow below link for the End User Agreement:  \n[www.tue.nl/taverne](www.tue.nl/taverne)  \nTake down policy  \nIf you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us at:  \n[openaccess@tue.nl](openaccess@tue.nl)  \nproviding details and we will investigate your claim.  \nDownload date: 18. Sep. 2026  \nThis book discusses the intersection ofEurope and roads. Today we can hardly imagine life without roads and the automobiles that use them to move around. The vast majority of movements in Europe takes place on the road. Travelers use the car to explore parts ofthe continent on their holidays and goods travel large distances to reach consumers. Indeed, the twentieth century has deservedly been characterized as the century ofthe car.  \nThe situation looked very different around 1900. People crossing national borders by car encountered multiple hurdles on their way. Technically they imported their vehicle into a neighboring country and had to pay astronomic import duties. Often they needed to pass a driving test in each country they visited. Early on, automobile and touring clubs sought to make life easier for traveling motorists.  \nWhat followed was a century full of international negotiations to tackle the problems arising from differing regulations, with Europe as the main stage. A peregrination along the archives of international organizations has provided the base material for the quest for continental road networks and sets of rules steering their use. The resulting thesis encompasses anything from standardized traffic signs saving human lives on the road to the Europabus taking tourists from Stockholm to Rome in the 1950s. Driving Europe thus offers a highly original portrait of a Europe built on roads in the course ofthe twentieth century.  \nFoundation for the History of Technology & Aksant Academic Publishers  \nomslag_driving_europe.indd 1  \nISBn 978 90 5260 308 7  \nA  \nFrank Schipper Driving Europe tehs 3  \nDriving Europe  ","cbCaio5c8mHx7gEE","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaio5c8mHx7gEE","pdf",13935814,322,"English","# Driving Europe\n## Roads and mobility in twentieth-century Europe\n## Challenges around 1900 and early driving regulations\n## International negotiations and continental road networks\n## Standardization, signage, and tourism transport","[{\"question\":\"What central topic does Driving Europe focus on?\",\"answer\":\"It focuses on the intersection of Europe and roads and how road transport shaped Europe during the twentieth century.\"},{\"question\":\"How did cross-border driving around 1900 differ from later decades?\",\"answer\":\"Around 1900, drivers faced import hurdles and had to pass driving tests in each country, while later developments involved negotiations to solve regulatory problems.\"},{\"question\":\"What kinds of outcomes does the book cover from these negotiations?\",\"answer\":\"It covers continental road networks and rule sets, including standardized traffic signs and examples like the Europabus taking tourists from Stockholm to Rome in the 1950s.\"}]","Driving Europe - Building Europe on roads in the twentieth century | PDF",811]