[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-373201-105":59,"doc-detail-373201-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","doxorubicin-loaded-polylactide-nanoparticles-functionalized-histamine-promote-apoptosis-of-human-gastric-cancer-cells","Doxorubicin loaded polylactide nanoparticles functionalized histamine promote apoptosis of human gastric cancer cells","","Gastric cancer remains a leading cause of cancer mortality, and nanoparticle-based delivery is explored to improve anti-tumor efficacy. This study evaluates the synergistic effect of doxorubicin (DOX) and histamine (His) using PLA nanoparticles with histamine end groups (NPs-His-DOX) on human gastric cancer (AGS) cells in vitro. The treatment increases oxidative stress and DNA damage, promotes apoptosis, and inhibits proliferation. The nanoparticles also upregulate ICAM-1, potentially enhancing cytotoxic activity of immunocompetent cells.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/doxorubicin-loaded-polylactide-nanoparticles-functionalized-histamine-promote-apoptosis-of-human-gastric-cancer-cells/373201/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/doxorubicin-loaded-polylactide-nanoparticles-functionalized-histamine-promote-apoptosis-of-human-gastric-cancer-cells/373201.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Rhys","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-03","2026-09-23",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What is the main goal of using NPs-His-DOX in this study?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"To test the synergistic effect of doxorubicin and histamine delivered by PLA nanoparticles toward human gastric cancer cells in vitro.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"Which cellular effects are assessed after treatment with NPs-His-DOX?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Oxidative stress, DNA damage, cell apoptosis, and inhibition of cell proliferation are examined.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"How does ICAM-1 relate to the proposed anti-tumor mechanism?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"NPs-His-DOX upregulates ICAM-1 on gastric cancer cells, which may facilitate cytotoxic interactions between immunocompetent cells and tumor cells.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},373201,1790241461,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146},687207024643,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_3d24733baf745e90a7e4bdd5f77d97b2","[www. nature.com/scientificreports](www. nature.com/scientificreports)  \nOPEN  \nDoxorubicin loaded polylactide nanoparticles functionalized histamine promote apoptosis of human gastric cancer cellsAGS  \nPatrycja Jaroniek1,2, Marek Brzeziński3, Magdalena Chmiela1 & Weronika Gonciarz1􀀍  \nGastric cancer is a dominating cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. The modern perspective in gastric cancer treatment is the application of nanoparticles (NPs) affecting the growth of cancer cells to increase the effectiveness of anti-tumor therapy. The use of advanced nanosystems that deliver anti-cancer drugs and biologically active substances may strongly rely on the expression of cancer-associated targets. The aim of this study was to examine the synergistic effect of doxorubicin (DOX) and histamine (His) in NPs DOX-loaded composed of poly(lactic) acid-PLA with histamine end groups (NPs-His-DOX) towards human gastric cancer cells (AGS) in vitro in conjunction with increasing oxidative stress, DNA damage, and cell apoptosis, as well as diminishing cell proliferation. The influence of studied NPs on the expression of intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, which may facilitate the cytotoxic reaction of lymphocytes against gastric cancer cells, has also been determined. We showed a significant (p \u003C 0.05) synergistic effect of His and DOX in the NPs His-DOX in increasing oxidative stress as demonstrated by an increased level of 4-hydroxynonenal (4HNE), DNA damage, cell apoptosis, in conjunction with a significant (p \u003C 0.05) inhibition of cell proliferation as well as the disintegration of the cell monolayer. Furthermore, NPs His-DOX upregulated a cell deposition of  \nICAM-1. This study shows that NPs His-DOX facilitates the delivery of the anticancer drug DOX into the milieu of cancer cells, which results in increased cell death. Furthermore, upregulation of ICAM-1 on gastric cancer cells may increase anti-tumor cytotoxic activity of immunocompetent cells.  \nGastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant cancers and the reason for cancer-related death worldwide in the last two decades1,2. Microenvironment of GC reflects the conditions of immune suppression, inflammation, hypoxia, and extracellular matrix remodeling, facilitating migration and metastasis of tumor cells3. Radical surgery followed by chemotherapy administered per os or radiotherapy, also in conjunction with anti-angiogenic therapy and immunotherapy1,4–6, if performed in patients with early gastric cancer, leads to a 90% survival rate in 5 years. In patients with advanced cancer, the prognosis is poor1,4,5. Moreover, oral therapy can be negatively influenced by low gastric pH and ineffective adsorption of the drug in the gut. As a result, therapeutic drug concentration cannot be achieved6,7. Taking into account the benefits of administering drugs per os, there are reasons to improve this method of drug application. Developing proper carriers to deliver and prevent the drug from environmental conditions has been considered. It is a priority due to the liver first-pass effect, poor intestinal permeability, and drug efflux from cancer cells mediated by efflux transporters such as ATP binding cassette transporters (ABC)8,9, as well as the inhibition of the immune system by tumor cells or their adaptation to the niche by various mechanisms. Chemotherapy may also be ineffective due to the development of multi-drug resistance (MDR)7 related to the enhanced production by cancer cells of anti-apoptotic proteins preventing apoptosis, which is the central anti-cancer endogenous mechanism8–10. Considering the above phenomena, developing novel drug delivery systems (DDSs) are designed to target specific tissue and release their cargo in a controlled way in the lesion: passive or active targeting based on functionalization of NPs by proinflammatory agents, may increase vascular permeability, facilitating efficient delivery of NPs and their interaction with cancer cells11, 12. ","cbCaioEA6n2IqStd","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaioEA6n2IqStd","pdf",5158021,18,"English","# Introduction\n## Nanoparticle drug delivery rationale for gastric cancer\n# Study aim and approach\n## NPs-His-DOX design and target cells\n# Mechanistic outcomes\n## Oxidative stress, DNA damage, apoptosis\n## ICAM-1 expression and anti-tumor implications","[{\"question\":\"What is the main goal of using NPs-His-DOX in this study?\",\"answer\":\"To test the synergistic effect of doxorubicin and histamine delivered by PLA nanoparticles toward human gastric cancer cells in vitro.\"},{\"question\":\"Which cellular effects are assessed after treatment with NPs-His-DOX?\",\"answer\":\"Oxidative stress, DNA damage, cell apoptosis, and inhibition of cell proliferation are examined.\"},{\"question\":\"How does ICAM-1 relate to the proposed anti-tumor mechanism?\",\"answer\":\"NPs-His-DOX upregulates ICAM-1 on gastric cancer cells, which may facilitate cytotoxic interactions between immunocompetent cells and tumor cells.\"}]","Doxorubicin loaded polylactide nanoparticles functionalized histamine promote apoptosis of human gastric cancer cells | PDF",1790197845,45]