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Although youth incarceration has declined, detained and committed students remain a large population, disproportionately including students of color, LGBTQIA+ youth, and students with disabilities, suffering long-term consequences. The report reviews juvenile justice education policies across all 50 states, Washington, D.C., and Puerto Rico, focusing on governance, accountability, and finance, and identifies fragmented, incoherent systems that obstruct effective education.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/double-punished-locked-out-of-opportunity-how-education-policy-fails-students-behind-bars/582775/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/double-punished-locked-out-of-opportunity-how-education-policy-fails-students-behind-bars/582775.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Mia  ","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-02","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why does the report argue that education behind bars is failing students?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It describes how incarcerated youth have legal entitlement to education, yet very few receive high-quality programs. Fragmented governance, weak accountability, and mismatched funding conditions prevent effective education delivery.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What groups does the report say are most disproportionately affected?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The report highlights youth of color, LGBTQIA+ youth, and students with disabilities in juvenile justice education settings. It links these patterns to serious long-term consequences for vulnerable students.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How did the authors analyze policies across states?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"They reviewed juvenile justice education policies in all 50 states, Washington, D.C., and Puerto Rico. The analysis centered on three interlocking policy areas: governance, accountability, and finance.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},582775,1792191630,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},687207024478,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","Double Punished: Locked Out of Opportunity  \nHow Education Policy Fails Students Behind Bars  \nJUNE • 202 2  \nBy Paul Beach, Brian Robinson, Hailly T. N. Korman, and Linea Koehler  \nTable of Contents  \nExecutive Summary 1  \nIntroduction 5  \nSurveying the Landscape of State Juvenile Justice Education Policy 16  \nImproving Juvenile Justice Education Policy: Recommendations for State Leaders 30  \nConclusion 34  \nGlossary 35  \nAppendix A: Reference Tables for Governance, Accountability, and Finance Policies in 36  \nAll 50 States, Washington, D.C., and Puerto Rico  \nAppendix B: Our Approach to Analyzing the Landscape of Juvenile Justice Education Policies 42  \nAppendix C: A Review of Juvenile Justice Education Plans Under ESSA in All 50 States, 43  \nWashington, D.C., and Puerto Rico  \nEndnotes 46  \nAbout the Authors, Acknowledgments, and About Bellwether Education Partners 50  \nExecutive Summary  \nToday, and on any given day, tens of thousands of students are attending school behind bars. Although all incarcerated youth are entitled to education opportunities under federal and state laws, very few of them receive the kinds of highquality programs that they need. For many of them, this may be their last, and their best, chance to prepare for a healthy transition to adulthood. And it’s being squandered.  \nDespite the steady decline in youth incarceration during the past two decades, the best estimate suggests that there were nearly a quarter of a million instances of a young person being detained or committed to a juvenile facility in 2019. Students in juvenile justice education programs are disproportionately youth of color, youth who are (or who are perceived to be) LGBTQIA+, and students with disabilities. Juvenile justice education fails many of these students every day, leading to serious longterm consequences for many of our most vulnerable and marginalized youth.  \nState policymakers are responsible for creating the policy conditions that ensure these programs are effective, but the task is a difficult one, given that the underlying policy design of juvenile justice education is fundamentally flawed. Although juvenile justice education programs are operated by local education agencies (LEAs) and are called schools, the waivers, exceptions, and fragmentation of leadership in juvenile justice settings makes it nearly impossible for educators to create conditions that approach those of “a school,” let alone to provide high-quality education programming.  \nAlthough we believe it is most effective to provide education and rehabilitative services to youth when they are in their communities rather than behind bars, we are pragmatic and understand that the practice of incarcerating kids is occurring in every state today, and that there are children who are being educated in those environments. To that end, we reviewed juvenile justice education policies in all 50 states, Washington, D.C., and Puerto Rico. We focused on three areas of policy that must be coherent, interlocking, and mutually reinforcing to create functional education programs: governance, accountability, and finance.  \nGovernance policies describe who is responsible for providing education services to youth in custody. Accountability policies determine how programs are evaluated and what happens when they aren’t delivering. And finance policies explain how state funding is allocated to the government agencies responsible for operating programs in juvenile facilities.  \nDesigning more effective governance, accountability, and finance policies can produce the conditions necessary for creating high quality juvenile justice education programs. However, our review of current state juvenile justice education policies shows that there is much to improve.  \nKEY FINDINGS  \nGovernance models for juvenile justice education vary widely across states, but “fragmentation” is the most common policy design.  \nState governance models dictate who is responsible for providing education se","cbCaicN12VRsjxk9","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaicN12VRsjxk9","pdf",19776212,53,"English","# Executive Summary\n# Introduction\n# Surveying the Landscape of State Juvenile Justice Education Policy\n# Improving Juvenile Justice Education Policy: Recommendations for State Leaders\n# Conclusion\n# Glossary\n# Appendix A: Reference Tables for Governance, Accountability, and Finance Policies in All 50 States, Washington, D.C., and Puerto Rico\n# Appendix B: Our Approach to Analyzing the Landscape of Juvenile Justice Education Policies\n# Appendix C: A Review of Juvenile Justice Education Plans Under ESSA in All 50 States, Washington, D.C., and Puerto Rico\n# Endnotes\n# About the Authors, Acknowledgments, and About Bellwether Education Partners","[{\"question\":\"Why does the report argue that education behind bars is failing students?\",\"answer\":\"It describes how incarcerated youth have legal entitlement to education, yet very few receive high-quality programs. Fragmented governance, weak accountability, and mismatched funding conditions prevent effective education delivery.\"},{\"question\":\"What groups does the report say are most disproportionately affected?\",\"answer\":\"The report highlights youth of color, LGBTQIA+ youth, and students with disabilities in juvenile justice education settings. It links these patterns to serious long-term consequences for vulnerable students.\"},{\"question\":\"How did the authors analyze policies across states?\",\"answer\":\"They reviewed juvenile justice education policies in all 50 states, Washington, D.C., and Puerto Rico. The analysis centered on three interlocking policy areas: governance, accountability, and finance.\"}]","Double Punished: Locked Out of Opportunity - How Education Policy Fails Students Behind Bars | PDF",1792044454,134]