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This study evaluates physiochemical properties and therapeutic efficacy of adipose tissue–derived EVs from multiple donors. Using a translational myocarditis model, the work tests EV-enriched samples from different adipose sources and measures their anti-inflammatory effects. Results show donor-specific molecular composition and donor-dependent therapeutic efficiency under controlled age and sex.",{"@graph":69,"@context":121},[70,84,104],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/donor-dependent-heterogeneity-in-therapeutic-effects-of-adipose-tissue-extracellular-vesicles-research-open-access/444403/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":98,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":99,"interactionStatistic":100},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/donor-dependent-heterogeneity-in-therapeutic-effects-of-adipose-tissue-extracellular-vesicles-research-open-access/444403.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Dipper","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":101,"interactionType":102,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":103},"ViewAction",{"@type":105,"mainEntity":106},"FAQPage",[107,113,117],{"name":108,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":110},"What is the main limitation of extracellular vesicle therapeutics addressed in this study?","Question",{"text":111,"@type":112},"The study focuses on donor-dependent heterogeneity, a key barrier to clinical translation of EV therapeutics.","Answer",{"name":114,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":115},"How did the researchers evaluate adipose tissue extracellular vesicles?",{"text":116,"@type":112},"They obtained EV-enriched samples from various adipose tissue sources and examined their physicochemical characteristics and anti-inflammatory effects in a translational myocarditis model.",{"name":118,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":119},"What did the results show about donor effects on EV therapy?",{"text":120,"@type":112},"EV molecular composition varied by donor, and therapeutic efficiency was donor-dependent even when age and sex were controlled.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":123,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":125,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":127,"site_id":62},444403,1790707886,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":130},{"doc_id":127,"user_id":131,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":132,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":133,"file_id":134,"file_url":135,"file_type":136,"file_size":137,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":138,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":128,"read_time":143},1374404997633,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","Beetler etal. Cell Communication and Signaling (2026) 24:4  \n[https://doi.org/10.1186/s12964-025-02563-8](https://doi.org/10.1186/s12964-025-02563-8)  \nCell Communication and Signaling  \nRESEARCH Open Access  \nDonor-dependent heterogeneity in therapeutic effects of adipose tissue extracellular vesicles  \nDanielle J. Beetler 1,2,3, Presley Giresi2, Vivian Xu2, Elizabeth J. McCabe2, Jessica J. Fliess2, Alayna M. Puls2, Matthew E. Auda2, Molly M. Watkins 1,2,3, Sierra A. Walker3, Damian N. Di Florio 1,2,3, Dalila Iannotta4, Emily R. Whelan 1,2,3, Logan P. Macomb2, Kevin C. Keegan2, Angita Jain 1,2,3, Varsini Balamurugan2, Sami Khatib2, Gabriel J. Weigel2, David J. Gorelov2, Anthony Pham5, Brandy H. Edenfield5, Leslie T. Cooper Jr.2, Houssam Farres6, Shane A. Shapiro7,8, Katelyn A. Bruno2,9†, Joy Wolfram4,10† and DeLisa Fairweather 1,2,11*†  \nAbstract  \nBackground Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising therapeutics for diseases associated with inflammation and tissue remodeling. However, a major limitation for the clinical translation of EV therapeutics is heterogeneity, which is donor dependent. In this study we sought to assess the physiochemical characteristics and therapeutic efficacy of tissue-derived EVs from different donors. Donor-dependent therapeutic effects of cell culture and biofluid-derived EVshave previously been shown, but remains largely unknown for tissue-derived EVs. We obtained EV-enriched samples from various sources of adipose tissue and examined their effect in reducing inflammation in a highly translational model of myocarditis.  \nResults We demonstrate that the molecular composition of EVs varies depending on the donor and that therapeutic efficiency is donor-dependent even when controlling for age and sex.  \nConclusions Our findings indicate that further research is needed to identify critical donor characteristics that predict therapeutic ability of individual or pooled adipose tissue-derived EVs to reduce inflammation and fibrosis. Keywords Anti-inflammatory, Exosomes, Lipoaspirate, Microvesicles, Myocarditis, Tangential flow filtration, TLR4  \n†Katelyn A. Bruno, Joy Wolfram and DeLisa Fairweather are co-senior authors.  \n*Correspondence:  \nDeLisa Fairweather  \n[Fairweather.DeLisa@mayo.edu](Fairweather.DeLisa@mayo.edu)  \n1Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA  \n2Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA  \n3Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA  \n4School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia  \n5Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA 6Department of Vascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA 7Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA 8Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA 9Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA  \n10Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia  \n11Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA  \n© The Author(s) 2025. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by","cbCaihcJXBSvi8vr","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihcJXBSvi8vr","pdf",2302759,11,"English","# Abstract\n## Background\n## Results\n## Conclusions\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What is the main limitation of extracellular vesicle therapeutics addressed in this study?\",\"answer\":\"The study focuses on donor-dependent heterogeneity, a key barrier to clinical translation of EV therapeutics.\"},{\"question\":\"How did the researchers evaluate adipose tissue extracellular vesicles?\",\"answer\":\"They obtained EV-enriched samples from various adipose tissue sources and examined their physicochemical characteristics and anti-inflammatory effects in a translational myocarditis model.\"},{\"question\":\"What did the results show about donor effects on EV therapy?\",\"answer\":\"EV molecular composition varied by donor, and therapeutic efficiency was donor-dependent even when age and sex were controlled.\"}]","Donor-dependent heterogeneity in therapeutic effects of adipose tissue extracellular vesicles - Research Open Access | PDF",28]