[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-405540-105":59,"doc-detail-405540-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","does-therapeutic-repurposing-in-cancer-meet-the-expectations-of-having-drugs-at-a-lower-price","Does Therapeutic Repurposing in Cancer Meet the Expectations of Having Drugs at a Lower Price?","","Therapeutic repurposing is examined as an alternative to traditional drug discovery and development of new molecular entities, aiming for faster, safer, and cheaper cancer therapies. The work defines repurposed cancer drugs as those gaining new cancer approval after initial approval for a non-cancer indication. Using this definition, only three cancer repurposed drugs are identified. The study argues that development price does not significantly differ from NMEs, while patient affordability varies by country and lacks immediate access solutions. It calls for critical analysis and new development models.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/does-therapeutic-repurposing-in-cancer-meet-the-expectations-of-having-drugs-at-a-lower-price/405540/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/does-therapeutic-repurposing-in-cancer-meet-the-expectations-of-having-drugs-at-a-lower-price/405540.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Ivy","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-28",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How does the document define therapeutic repurposing for cancer drugs?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It defines a repurposed cancer drug as one approved by a health regulatory authority for a non-cancer indication that then gains new approval for cancer.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How many repurposed drugs for cancer meet the document’s definition, and why is generalization difficult?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Only three drugs are described as meeting the definition. Their affordability and price histories differ, and the document states it is not yet possible to generalize the impact of repurposing on final patient price.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What barriers and considerations affect cancer drug affordability discussed in the text?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The document highlights weak health systems and disparities in access, barriers to overcoming economic constraints for clinical development, prescription biases, and the fact that affordability varies by country. It also notes financial toxicity as a common issue affecting patients and households.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},405540,1791094516,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},549758252649,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/8000253669c5317157?_k=1778319167496531819","Clinical Drug Investigation (2023) 43:227–239  \n[https://doi.org/10.1007/s40261-023-01251-0](https://doi.org/10.1007/s40261-023-01251-0)  \nDoes Therapeutic Repurposing in Cancer Meet the Expectations of Having Drugs at a Lower Price?  \nAurora Gonzalez‑Fierro1 · Adriana Romo‑Pérez2 · Alma Chávez‑Blanco1 · Guadalupe Dominguez‑Gomez1 · Alfonso Duenas‑Gonzalez1,3  \nAccepted: 14 February 2023 / Published online: 8 March 2023 © The Author(s) 2023  \nAbstract  \nTherapeutic repurposing emerged as an alternative to the traditional drug discovery and development model (DDD) of new molecular entities (NMEs). It was anticipated that by being faster, safer, and cheaper, the development would result in lower-cost drugs. As defined in this work, a repurposed cancer drug is one approved by a health regulatory authority against a non-cancer indication that then gains new approval for cancer. With this definition, only three drugs are repurposed for cancer: Bacillus Calmette–Guerin (BCG) vaccine (superficial bladder cancer, thalidomide [multiple myeloma], and propranolol [infantile hemangioma]) . Each of these has a different history regarding price and affordability, and it is not yet possible to generalize the impact of drug repurposing on the final price to the patient. However, the development, includingthe price, does not differ significantly from an NME. For the end consumer, the product’s price is unrelated to whether it followed the classical development or repurposing. Economic constraints for clinical development, and drug prescription biases for repurposing drugs, are barriers yet to be overcome. The affordability of cancer drugs is a complex issue that varies from country to country. Many alternatives for having affordable drugs have been put forward, however these measures have thus far failed and are, at best, palliative. There are no immediate solutions to the problem of access to cancer drugs. It is necessary to critically analyze the impact of the current drug development model and be creative in implementing new models that genuinely benefit society.  \n* Alfonso Duenas-Gonzalez [alfonso_duenasg@yahoo.com](alfonso_duenasg@yahoo.com)  \n1 Division of Basic Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico  \n2 Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico  \n3 Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico  \n1 Cancer Epidemiology  \nA projection of global cancer statistics estimated there were 18.1 million new cancer cases and 9.9 million deaths in 2020 [1] . While mortality is plateauing or decreasing for some common cancers in high-income countries (HICs), these are having an increased incidence and mortality in lowincome (LICs) and middle-income countries (MICs) [2] . In the US, overall cancer death rates decreased by 2.3% and 1.9% per year among males and females, respectively, from 2015 to 2019 [3] . On the other hand, the Global Burden of Disease 2019 Cancer Collaboration discloses that the agestandardized mortality and incidence rates increased from 2010 to 2019 in countries with the lowest sociodemographic index (SDI) but decreased in the high–middle and high SDI quintiles, with the most significant decrease in the high SDI quintile [4] .  \n2 Approaches to Reduce Cancer Mortality  \nReducing mortality from cancer is the primary goal that society, governments, medical, and scientific communities face. Significant attempts at reducing cancer mortality can be made by primary and secondary prevention or screening. One-third (35%) of seven million cancer deaths could be preventable through primary prevention [5], and cancer mortality can also be reduced through secondary prevention.  \nEarly cancer detection improves cancer outcomes. Thus far, screening for a few neoplasias (breast, cervix uteri, colorectal, and lung) is of proven value in reducing mortality to a different extent in countries with organized screening efforts [","cbCaisR7ObkkTg3q","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisR7ObkkTg3q","pdf",983342,13,"English","# Abstract\n# Clinical Context\n## Cancer Epidemiology\n## Approaches to Reduce Cancer Mortality\n## Cancer Drug Worldwide Affordability\n## Financial Toxicity","[{\"question\":\"How does the document define therapeutic repurposing for cancer drugs?\",\"answer\":\"It defines a repurposed cancer drug as one approved by a health regulatory authority for a non-cancer indication that then gains new approval for cancer.\"},{\"question\":\"How many repurposed drugs for cancer meet the document’s definition, and why is generalization difficult?\",\"answer\":\"Only three drugs are described as meeting the definition. Their affordability and price histories differ, and the document states it is not yet possible to generalize the impact of repurposing on final patient price.\"},{\"question\":\"What barriers and considerations affect cancer drug affordability discussed in the text?\",\"answer\":\"The document highlights weak health systems and disparities in access, barriers to overcoming economic constraints for clinical development, prescription biases, and the fact that affordability varies by country. It also notes financial toxicity as a common issue affecting patients and households.\"}]","Does Therapeutic Repurposing in Cancer Meet the Expectations of Having Drugs at a Lower Price? | PDF",1790560499,33]