[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-602657-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-602657-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","do-rural-districts-die-when-their-schools-close-evidence-from-sweden-around-2000","Do Rural Districts Die When Their Schools Close? Evidence from Sweden around 2000","","Study investigates whether closing rural schools changes migration patterns in Sweden around 2000. Using geographically detailed Swedish full-population data (1990-2004) with locations of built-up localities, schools, and residential coordinates, it tests effects near closed schools and across wider catchment areas. Results show no significant evidence that school closure reduces in-migration or increases out-migration, even when focusing on families with children, a group expected to be most affected.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/do-rural-districts-die-when-their-schools-close-evidence-from-sweden-around-2000/602657/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/do-rural-districts-die-when-their-schools-close-evidence-from-sweden-around-2000/602657.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"pixelkiddo","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-03","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",9,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What central question does the paper address?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"Whether the closure of a rural school affects migration to and from its surrounding area.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"What data and time period are used in the study?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Geographically detailed Swedish full population data for every year from 1990 to 2004, including locations of built-up localities, schools, and residential coordinates.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"Do the results show that school closures change migration patterns?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"No significant effects are found on migration patterns either immediately around the school or within its wider catchment area, including for families with children.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},602657,1792447255,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,111,115,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":112,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,30,"research-report",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":112,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},962090883892,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/e00115db34f3e0f11b?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1790152879550218658","Do Rural Districts Die When Their Schools Close? Evidence from  \nSweden around 2000  \nJan Amcoff  \nABSTRACT  \nAt the beginning of the twenty-first century, the continued existence of many rural schools is being threatened. It has often been suggested that the closure of a rural school renders the area it serves less attractive, and can prejudice in-migration and encourage out-migration as the school is often expected to have more functions than the mere provision of basic education. In this paper, using, geographically detailed population data, no significant such effects on migration patterns can be demonstrated, either in the immediate surroundings of the school or in its wider catchment area. These results remain even if the migrants being considered are limited to families with children (a group expected to be particularly affected by school closures).  \nInTRODUCTIOn  \nAt the turn of this century, the number of rural schools is decreasing in many countries. For politicians and other decision-makers, this is hardly an end in itself but rather the effect of these schools being squeezed between local societal demands and economic limitations. Thus, decisions to close rural schools are often disputed, and merely discussing the issue frequently triggers protests from the concerned population. However, apart from the fact that school closures are hardly welcomed anywhere, and that such a decision might make politicians responsible for it unpopular with their electorates, the effects of a school’s closure depends on the school’s functions. Technically, the concrete task of any elementary school is to educate children. However, a number of additional, de facto functions forschools have also been suggested and examined in the literature. Thus, given these insights, it would seem narrow-minded to confine school planning to just supplying children with basic education. One, but not the only, overriding argument against the closure of rural schools is that they have serious effects on local migration patterns, particularly among families with children. This is the argument tobe examined here.  \nConsequences of migration on education have recently been discussed in this journal (Donmez 2009). Here the opposite relationship is focused and the attention is restricted to a rural setting. Our aim is to detect whether the closure of a rural school affects migration to and from its surrounding area. The study uses, geographically detailed Swedish full population data containing the geographical location of all built-up localities, schools and residential coordinates of the Swedish population for every year from 1990 to 2004. The first section presents the development of the Swedish school system from the nineteenth century to the present, primarily focusing on its rural localization. The second section consists of a literature review aimed at identifying the different functions of rural schools. The data and method is discussed in the third section, followed by the main results in the fourth section, and a short concluding section.  \nPRECOnDITIOnS fOR THE PROVISIOn Of BASIC EDUCATIOn In\\  \nRURAL AREAS  \nIn Retrospect  \nDuring the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, most countries in the so-called developed regions of the world experienced a demographic transition. As a result, the large cohorts of children born 100 or so years ago have subsequently been replaced by smaller generations. Today, the fertility rate inmost of these countries is below the 2.1 children per woman rate necessary for long-term population replacement (e.g., Lee, 2003) . Consequently, the enrolment of pupils in elementary schools has been, and still is, diminishing. Although the dramatic changes in births (and deaths) have been balanced by immigration, most immigrants to these countries have urban destinations (e.g., Logan, 2007) . Thus, the numbers of pupils in rural areas have often decreased faster than the average. The urbanization process that followed the demograp","cbCairsUHffK7yLL","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairsUHffK7yLL","pdf",663550,14,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Consequences of migration on education\n# Preconditions for the provision of basic education in rural areas\n## In retrospect","[{\"question\":\"What central question does the paper address?\",\"answer\":\"Whether the closure of a rural school affects migration to and from its surrounding area.\"},{\"question\":\"What data and time period are used in the study?\",\"answer\":\"Geographically detailed Swedish full population data for every year from 1990 to 2004, including locations of built-up localities, schools, and residential coordinates.\"},{\"question\":\"Do the results show that school closures change migration patterns?\",\"answer\":\"No significant effects are found on migration patterns either immediately around the school or within its wider catchment area, including for families with children.\"}]","Do Rural Districts Die When Their Schools Close? Evidence from Sweden around 2000 | PDF",1792095038,35]