[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-158703-105":59,"doc-detail-158703-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","do-parents-value-school-effectiveness","Do Parents Value School Effectiveness?","","School choice can raise school productivity when parents’ selections reward schools that improve outcomes and penalize schools that do not. This requires parents to base decisions on causal school effectiveness rather than peer composition. The study analyzes New York City’s centralized high school assignment using applicants’ rank-ordered choices to estimate selection-corrected treatment effects on test scores, graduation, college attendance, and college quality. Parents show preference for higher-achieving peers; these schools deliver larger short- and long-run gains, while preferences remain unrelated to effectiveness after controlling for peer quality.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/do-parents-value-school-effectiveness/158703/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/do-parents-value-school-effectiveness/158703.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Angel","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-24","2026-08-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",14,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What condition must hold for school choice to improve educational effectiveness?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Parents’ school selections must reward causal effectiveness and penalize ineffectiveness, meaning choices should rely on causal impact rather than peer characteristics alone.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How does the study measure parent preferences in New York City’s system?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"It uses applicants’ rank-ordered school choice lists and fits discrete choice models to summarize those preferences.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What relationship does the study find between preferences and peer quality versus school effectiveness?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Parents prefer schools enrolling high-achieving peers, and those schools generate larger improvements; however, preferences are unrelated to school effectiveness after controlling for peer quality.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},158703,1788006644,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":21,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":130,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},687207412472,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Do Parents Value School Effectiveness?  \nAtila Abdulkadiroğlu, Parag A. Pathak, Jonathan Schellenberg, and Christopher R. Walters ∗  \nNovember 15, 2019  \nAbstract  \nSchool choice may lead to improvements in school productivity if parents’ choices reward effective schools and punish ineffective ones. This mechanism requires parents to choose schools based on causal effectiveness rather than peer characteristics. We study relationships among parent preferences, peer quality, and causal effects on outcomes for applicants to New York City’s centralized high school assignment mechanism. We use applicants’ rank-ordered choice lists to measure preferences and to construct selection-corrected estimates of treatment effectson test scores, high school graduation, college attendance, and college quality. Parents prefer schools that enroll high-achieving peers, and these schools generate larger improvements in short- and long-run student outcomes. Preferences are unrelated to school effectiveness and academic match quality after controlling for peer quality.  \n∗ Abdulkadiroğlu: Duke University and National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) (email: [aa88@duke.edu](aa88@duke.edu)); Pathak: Massachusetts Institute of Technology and NBER (email: ppathak@mit.ed) . Schellenberg: University of California, Berkeley (email: [jschellenberg@econ.berkeley.edu](jschellenberg@econ.berkeley.edu)); Walters: University of California, Berkeley and NBER (email: crwal[ters@econ.berkeley.edu](ters@econ.berkeley.edu)). We gratefully acknowledge funding from the National Science Foundation and the W. T. Grant Foundation. Thanks also go to Nikhil Agarwal, Josh Angrist, Stephane Bonhomme, David Card, David Chan, Michael Dinerstein, Will Dobbie, James Heckman, Peter Hull, Pat Kline, Thibaut Lamadon, Magne Mogstad, Jack Mountjoy, Derek Neal, Ariel Pakes, Stephen Raudenbush, Jesse Rothstein, Alex Torgovitsky, Miguel Urquiola, Jeffrey Wooldridge, Danny Yagan, Seth Zimmerman, and seminar participants at the University of Chicago Committee on Education Workshop, the University of Chicago Harris School, UC Berkeley, the University of Chicago Econometrics Lunch, the University of Chicago Interactions Conference, UW Madison, the 2017 NBER Labor Studies Fall meetings, the University of Virginia, the University of Hawaii, the University of Rochester, Princeton University, the University of Maryland, and Arizona State University for suggestions and comments. We’re grateful to Eryn Heying for invaluable administrative support.  \nRecent education reforms in the United States, including charter schools, school vouchers, and district-wide open enrollment plans, increase parents’ power to choose schools for their children. School choice allows households to avoid undesirable schools and forces schools to satisfy parents’ preferences or risk losing enrollment. Proponents of choice argue that this competitive pressure is likely to generate system-wide increases in school productivity and boost educational outcomes for students (Friedman, 1962; Chubb and Moe, 1990; Hoxby, 2003) . By decentralizing school quality assessment and allowing parents to act on local information, school choice is conjectured to provide better incentives for educational effectiveness than could be achieved by a centralized accountability system (Peterson and Campbell, 2001) . Choice may also improve outcomes by allowing students to sort into schools that suit their particular educational needs, resulting in improved match quality (Hoxby, 2000) . These arguments have motivated recent policy effortsto expand school choice (e.g., DeVos, 2017) .  \nIf choice is to improve educational effectiveness, parents’ choices must result in rewards for effective schools and sanctions for ineffective ones. Our use of the term “effective” follows Rothstein (2006): an effective school is one that generates causal improvements in student outcomes. Choice need not improve school effectiveness if it is not the basis for how parents choose betwe","cbCailPQaKc2D4Nf","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailPQaKc2D4Nf","pdf",2627018,"English","# Abstract\n## Theoretical mechanism of school choice\n## Empirical setting and data\n## Measurement strategy and outcomes","[{\"question\":\"What condition must hold for school choice to improve educational effectiveness?\",\"answer\":\"Parents’ school selections must reward causal effectiveness and penalize ineffectiveness, meaning choices should rely on causal impact rather than peer characteristics alone.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the study measure parent preferences in New York City’s system?\",\"answer\":\"It uses applicants’ rank-ordered school choice lists and fits discrete choice models to summarize those preferences.\"},{\"question\":\"What relationship does the study find between preferences and peer quality versus school effectiveness?\",\"answer\":\"Parents prefer schools enrolling high-achieving peers, and those schools generate larger improvements; however, preferences are unrelated to school effectiveness after controlling for peer quality.\"}]","Do Parents Value School Effectiveness? | PDF",176]