[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-599890-105":59,"doc-detail-599890-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","do-manipulatives-foster-pre-service-teachers-understanding-of-probability-study-abstract","Do Manipulatives Foster Pre-service Teachers’ Understanding of Probability? - Study Abstract","","Manipulatives are often reported to improve mathematics achievement when used effectively, yet their impact on probability instruction remains debated. This study investigated whether manipulatives enhance pre-service teachers’ understanding of two core probability concepts: conceptualizing probability and distinguishing theoretical versus experimental probability. Using a pretest-posttest design with 25 participants, results indicated efficacy and participants described academic and emotional gains through informative, enjoyable lessons. Educational implications are discussed.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/do-manipulatives-foster-pre-service-teachers-understanding-of-probability-study-abstract/599890/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/do-manipulatives-foster-pre-service-teachers-understanding-of-probability-study-abstract/599890.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"PakDamar76","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What was the purpose of the study on manipulatives and probability?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To investigate the efficacy of manipulatives in facilitating pre-service teachers’ understanding of probability concepts.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which probability concepts were addressed in the intervention?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The study focused on conceptualizing probability and understanding theoretical versus experimental probability.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What research design and participant details were used?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"A pretest-posttest design was used with 25 pre-service teachers enrolled in a probability class who received instruction using manipulatives.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},599890,1792191647,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},962090893057,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Running head: USING MANIPULATIVES 1  \nDo Manipulatives Foster Pre-service Teachers ’Understanding of Probability?  \nVeena Paliwal  \nUniversity of West Georgia  \n2  \nAbstract  \nManipulatives have been found to be effective in increasing mathematics achievement when they are put to good use (Canny, 1984; Clements & Battista, 1990; Clements, 1999; Sowell, 1989; Suydam, 1984), but their use in mathematics instruction is not clear and it is often debated to be effective (Ball, 1992; McNeil & Jarvin, 2007) . The present study was an attempt to investigate efficacy of manipulatives in facilitating understanding of probability concepts in pre-service teachers. Twenty-five pre-service teachers, enrolled in a probability class, received intervention using manipulatives to promote learning of two key concepts—conceptualizing probability, and understanding theoretical and experimental probability. A pretest-posttest design was employed, and the results revealed efficacy of manipulatives, used as a tool, in promoting learning of the probability concepts. The participants reported that the probability lessons using manipulatives assisted in academic and emotional progress by being informative and useful in addition to an enjoyable experience. The features that may have contributed towards the success and educational implications of the findings are discussed.  \nKeywords: Manipulatives, Mathematics instruction, Pre-service teachers, Probability  \n3  \nDo Manipulatives Foster Pre-service Teachers ’Understanding of Probability?  \nWith mathematics instruction, conceptual understanding can be enhanced by using manipulatives which are the objects designed for a learner to perceive some mathematical concept by manipulating them. That is, manipulatives are concrete objects that students can use as learning tool to model mathematical situations, and that students can act upon in ways that mirror or give meaning to operations. Manipulatives facilitate in understanding by linking concrete model with the symbolic representation, and thus, promote in abstract thinking. The use of manipulatives is specifically helpful for the students in the pre-operational stage when their abstract thinking is developing since they allow them to move from concrete experiences to abstract reasoning (Heddens, 1986; Reisman, 1982; Ross & Kurtz, 1993).The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) Principles to Action has recognized manipulatives as an important tool in meaningful understanding of mathematics, and recommended using manipulatives to teach mathematical concepts with students of any age (NCTM, 2014) . Research has shown the importance of manipulatives in alleviating behavioral issues among preservice teachers (Gresham, 2012; Lake & Kelly, 2014; Vinson, 2001), but none of the available research has reported on the efficacy of manipulatives in promoting conceptual understanding of probability. The aim of the present research was to explore the following key, but yet unexamined, pedagogical issue: Do manipulatives help pre-service teachers (PSTs) in understanding probability concepts?  \nConceptual Understanding and Role of the Teachers  \nRecent developments (CCSSO, 2010; NCTM, 2014) emphasizing the need for conceptual knowledge among students set new and ambitious goals for math students that have called for  \n4  \nimproving the quality of teaching. Improving the quality of education heavily relies on the role of teacher educators and teacher training programs to prepare educators who are ready to succeed in the classrooms (Darling-Hammond, 2012; Wenglinsky,2002), that is, making sure that PSTs receive appropriate training. Teachers need deep content and pedagogical knowledge to support students in learning these goals (Hill, Ball, & Schilling, 2008 ; Loewenberg, Ball, Thames, & Phelps, 2008). An effective teacher training program involves building content matter knowledge among the teachers along with facilitating in the development of pedagogically sound ","cbCaigrPXKSaD3e5","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaigrPXKSaD3e5","pdf",962346,29,"English","# Abstract\n# Manipulatives and Probability Understanding\n# Conceptual Understanding and Role of the Teachers\n# Using Manipulatives as a Pedagogical Tool","[{\"question\":\"What was the purpose of the study on manipulatives and probability?\",\"answer\":\"To investigate the efficacy of manipulatives in facilitating pre-service teachers’ understanding of probability concepts.\"},{\"question\":\"Which probability concepts were addressed in the intervention?\",\"answer\":\"The study focused on conceptualizing probability and understanding theoretical versus experimental probability.\"},{\"question\":\"What research design and participant details were used?\",\"answer\":\"A pretest-posttest design was used with 25 pre-service teachers enrolled in a probability class who received instruction using manipulatives.\"}]","Do Manipulatives Foster Pre-service Teachers’ Understanding of Probability? - Study Abstract | PDF",1792089633,73]