[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-371975-105":59,"doc-detail-371975-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","dna-methylation-in-lung-cancer-predictive-biomarkers-for-effective-immunotherapy","DNA Methylation in Lung Cancer - Predictive Biomarkers for Effective Immunotherapy","","Lung cancer remains a major cause of cancer mortality worldwide, while immunotherapy offers durable benefit only for a subset of patients. DNA methylation (DNAm) is presented as a key epigenetic regulator of gene expression and immune activity within the tumor microenvironment. The review summarizes DNAm changes in immune-related genes and links them to tumor phenotype, immune infiltration, and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. It also discusses genomic and non-genomic biomarkers, integrated epigenetic signatures, liquid biopsies, and the challenges for clinical translation.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/dna-methylation-in-lung-cancer-predictive-biomarkers-for-effective-immunotherapy/371975/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/dna-methylation-in-lung-cancer-predictive-biomarkers-for-effective-immunotherapy/371975.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"mieayamfan","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-31","2026-09-23",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why are predictive biomarkers needed for lung cancer immunotherapy?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Immunotherapy efficacy varies across patients, and only certain individuals benefit. Reliable biomarkers are needed to guide personalized treatment and improve outcomes.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does DNA methylation relate to immune response in lung cancer?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"DNAm regulates gene expression and immune-related pathways in the tumor microenvironment. Aberrant DNAm patterns can drive immune evasion and influence immune cell recruitment and checkpoint inhibitor sensitivity.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which biomarker types does the review discuss alongside DNAm?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The review evaluates both established and emerging genomic and non-genomic biomarkers, including tumor mutational burden, microsatellite instability, PD-L1 expression, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and immunosuppressive cytokines.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},371975,1790797551,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},962090893677,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_3d24733baf745e90a7e4bdd5f77d97b2","International Journal of General Medicine  \nOpen Access Full Text Article REVIEW  \nDNA Methylation in Lung Cancer: Predictive Biomarkers for Effective Immunotherapy  \nKomal Kumari 1 , Vinay Kumar 2 , Chaitenya Verma 3 , Ping-Ching Hsu 4 , Amarnath Singh 4  \n1Department of Biotechnology, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, BR, 824236, India; 2Heart and Vascular Institute, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA; 3Department of Biotechnology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, UP, 201310, India; 4Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA  \nCorrespondence: Amarnath Singh, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fay W.Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, UAMS Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, 11th Floor, CI.11172/11208, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA, [Email Asingh@uams.edu](Email Asingh@uams.edu); Ping-Ching Hsu, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fay W.Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W Markham St., \\#820, Rm 1224, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA, Email [PHsu@uams.edu](PHsu@uams.edu)  \n\n| Abstract: Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, and immunotherapy has emerged asa promising treatment modality. However, its efficacy is limited to a subset of patients, necessitating predictive biomarkers for personalized treatment strategies. DNA methylation (DNAm) is increasingly recognized as a crucial regulators of gene expression and immune responses in the tumor microenvironment. This review focuses on DNAm as a key epigenetic biomarker for predicting and enhancing immunotherapy efficacy in lung cancer. We highlight DNAm changes in key immune-related genes and their association with tumor phenotype, immune cell infiltration, and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) . The review also evaluates established and emerging genomic and non-genomic biomarkers, including tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), PD-L1 expression, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and immunosuppressive cytokines in case of lung cancer immunotherapy. Furthermore, the potential for integrated epigenetic signatures and minimally invasive diagnostic approaches, such as liquid biopsies, is discussed. Finally, we address the challenges and future directions for translating epigenetic biomarkers into clinical practice to improve immunotherapy outcomes and reduce immune-related adverse events.\u003Cbr>Keywords: tumor mutational burden, tumor microenvironment, epigenetic biomarkers, immunotherapy, microsatellite instability, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes |\n| --- |\n| Introduction\u003Cbr>Lung cancer remains to be a predominant cause of cancer-related mortality globally, with an estimated 226,650 new cases and 124,730 deaths projected for 2025.1,2 Despite advancements in screening, diagnosis, and therapeutic interventions, overall survival rates remain suboptimal, particularly in advanced-stage disease. Challenges such as late detection, significant tumor heterogeneity, and frequent development of therapy resistance persistently hinder the clinical outcomes.3 Lung cancer originates from complex interactions between genetic mutations4, environmental exposures, and epigenetic modifications.5 DNA methylation (DNAm), which involves the addition of a methyl group to cytosine residues in CpG dinucleotides, is one of the most extensively investigated epigenetic mechanisms associated with disease.6,7 DNAm is crucial for regulating gene expression, maintaining genomic stability, and controlling key cellular processes. Aberrant DNAm patterns, including promoter hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes, drive oncogenesis, facilitate immune evasion, and influence tumor progression.8,9 Immunotherapy has significantly transformed the treatment paradigm for ","cbCaikmjfeJ8XqvO","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikmjfeJ8XqvO","pdf",2129946,18,"English","# Introduction\n# DNA methylation as an epigenetic regulator\n# DNAm changes and immune-related gene regulation\n# Predictive biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitor response\n# Integrated epigenetic signatures and liquid biopsies\n# Challenges and future directions","[{\"question\":\"Why are predictive biomarkers needed for lung cancer immunotherapy?\",\"answer\":\"Immunotherapy efficacy varies across patients, and only certain individuals benefit. Reliable biomarkers are needed to guide personalized treatment and improve outcomes.\"},{\"question\":\"How does DNA methylation relate to immune response in lung cancer?\",\"answer\":\"DNAm regulates gene expression and immune-related pathways in the tumor microenvironment. Aberrant DNAm patterns can drive immune evasion and influence immune cell recruitment and checkpoint inhibitor sensitivity.\"},{\"question\":\"Which biomarker types does the review discuss alongside DNAm?\",\"answer\":\"The review evaluates both established and emerging genomic and non-genomic biomarkers, including tumor mutational burden, microsatellite instability, PD-L1 expression, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and immunosuppressive cytokines.\"}]","DNA Methylation in Lung Cancer - Predictive Biomarkers for Effective Immunotherapy | PDF",1790193363,45]