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Cynthia C. Reyes analyzes how racial identity and assumptions shape interpretation in an ethnographic case study of a 10th-grade Latina student, Zulmy. Drawing on classroom observations, interviews with teachers and community members, and attention to Catholic religion, language, race, class, gender, and immigration, the piece examines how author and participant voices become intertwined through shifting frames of reference.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/disturbing-the-waters-using-relational-knowledge-to-explore-methodology/603388/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/disturbing-the-waters-using-relational-knowledge-to-explore-methodology/603388.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"moss~","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-16","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":8},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How does the author link memory to ethnographic work?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The text argues that reconstructing memory is closely tied to ethnography because storytelling and interpretation require drawing on symbol, private associations, and the researcher’s own assumptions. This process shapes what is represented as “truth.”","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What is the core focus of the ethnographic case study described?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The article examines how the author’s racial identity influences her interpretation of a 10th grade Latina student’s schooling experiences. It centers on the relationship between the researcher and Zulmy within a broader context of race, class, religion, and immigration.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How does religion factor into interpreting Zulmy’s experience?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The author highlights Catholic religion as an important support in Zulmy’s day-to-day life, and she interviews Zulmy’s mother to better understand how religious grounding influences schooling and interpretation.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},603388,1792109696,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":8,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":56,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},962090895452,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","“Disturbing the Waters”: Using Relational Knowledge To Explore Methodology  \nBy Cynthia C. Reyes  \nCynthia C. Reyes is a professor in the College of Education at the University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.  \nWe store in memory only images of value. The value may be lost over the passage of time…but that’s the implacable judgment of feeling: This, we say somewhere within us, is something I’m hanging to…Instinctively, we go to our store of private associations for our authority to speak of these weighty issues. We find, in our details and broken, obscured images, the language of symbol. Here memory impulsively reaches out and embraces imagination. That is the resort to invention. It isn’ta lie, but an act of necessity, as the innate urge to locate truth always is. (Hampl, 1999)  \nThe Importance of Memory  \nReconstructing memory has a tangible relationship to doing ethnography. Telling stories, sifting through details, examining interpretations are relevant to the researcher’s job of reporting, to thebestof her ability, the representation of a life. In reconstructing other people’s stories, it seems inevitable that the researcher’s own life—belief system, ideals, practices—once thought of as unapproachable, is now called into question when autho-  \nrizing self to piece together others’ stories. It is this realization that the researcher, in order to do ethical justice to using ethnography, must know the grounding of one’s own assumptions and beliefs. And what happens when those assumptions are grounded in otherness to begin with? Racial discourse traditionally has focused on the dynamics of black and white people. What of the dynamics between researchers of color doing research on participants of color? How does race/ethnicity or religion influence interpretation of research for scholars of color?  \nIn the following article, I examine my racial identity and its impact on my interpretation of the schooling experiences ofa 10th grade Latina in an ethnographic case study. Prior to this study, I had been working in a university-based family literacy program where I met Zulmy’s mother, Manuela. Due to my experience as a middle grades English/Spanish bilingual teacher, and due to the observations I made about the difficult transition for many of my former bilingual students who entered highschool, I was primarily interested in following the school and literacy experiences of Mexican immigrant students in the high school. I had originally met three young Latinaswhowerein their freshman year; all of them, including Zulmy, were daughters of the Mexican mothers with whom I worked in the literacy program. As a Filipino American whose second language is Spanish, the young women were curious and intrigued about my interest in them, and about my knowledge of Spanish, which I learned in high school and later in college. They were also impressed that I taught and worked in the university, and they often told me of their dreams to go to college. As I came to know the young women, I learned about the individual ways in which they negotiated their schooling and language experiences in a high school bilingual program. Apart from the other young women I observed, I noted the importance of the Catholic religion in Zulmy’s family, which Manuela fostered at home. Though her mother was not a participant in the study, I was able to interview her to better understand the support that religion gave to their day to day life. To orient myself with the school setting, I also interviewed Zulmy’s teachers and friends about the academic and social life in Zulmy’s high school. For the purpose of understanding how class, religion, and immigration influenced my interpretation of Zulmy’s life, this article mostly addresses the relationship I had with her.  \nI followed Zulmy for 10 months in her classes at an urban high school in the Midwest. The school, Salazar High, had roughly 2,500 students of whom 85% were Latino. For the purpose of this article, I evoke my o","cbCaidSSB3KYmVbB","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaidSSB3KYmVbB","pdf",113124,"English","# The Importance of Memory\n## Reconstructing Memory for Ethnography\n# Researcher Reflexivity and Relational Knowledge\n## Race, Otherness, and Interpretation\n# Case Study: Zulmy’s Schooling Experience\n## Family Literacy Background and Context\n## Following Zulmy for 10 Months\n# Zulmy the Church Girl","[{\"question\":\"How does the author link memory to ethnographic work?\",\"answer\":\"The text argues that reconstructing memory is closely tied to ethnography because storytelling and interpretation require drawing on symbol, private associations, and the researcher’s own assumptions. This process shapes what is represented as “truth.”\"},{\"question\":\"What is the core focus of the ethnographic case study described?\",\"answer\":\"The article examines how the author’s racial identity influences her interpretation of a 10th grade Latina student’s schooling experiences. It centers on the relationship between the researcher and Zulmy within a broader context of race, class, religion, and immigration.\"},{\"question\":\"How does religion factor into interpreting Zulmy’s experience?\",\"answer\":\"The author highlights Catholic religion as an important support in Zulmy’s day-to-day life, and she interviews Zulmy’s mother to better understand how religious grounding influences schooling and interpretation.\"}]","“Disturbing the Waters”: Using Relational Knowledge To Explore Methodology | PDF",1792096164,48]