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The study extends earlier work by evaluating the association between speaking and writing features and proficiency levels, while also considering test-taker background variables collected through survey questionnaires. Findings show speech rate as a top predictor for speaking outcomes, and essay length as the key predictor for writing scores, alongside additional effects from lexical and background factors.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/distinguishing-ielts-proficiency-levels-and-progression-over-time-speaking-and-writing-features/490953/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/distinguishing-ielts-proficiency-levels-and-progression-over-time-speaking-and-writing-features/490953.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Levi","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-01",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the purpose of this IELTS research report?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It distinguishes IELTS speaking and writing proficiency levels and investigates how linguistic features progress over time in relation to test-taker background ability.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which speaking feature was found to be the strongest predictor?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Speech rate was the highest contributing predictor of both overall and analytic IELTS scores among the 18 speech features analyzed.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which writing factor most strongly predicted IELTS writing scores?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Essay length was the most significant predictor of the overall writing score and all analytic writing scores.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},490953,1791481160,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},7971461740909,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","ISSN 2201-2982 2023/1  \nIELTS Research Reports  \nOnline Series  \nSpeaking and writing features:  \nDistinguishing IELTS profciency levels and progression over time  \nOkim Kang, Jesse Egbert and Yongzhi Miao  \nSpeaking and writing features: Distinguishing IELTS profciency levels and progression over time  \nThis project analysed Korean IELTS test-takers’ performance data for writing features and comprehensively examined their association with IELTS profciency levels and their linguistic progression in relation to their background ability. It is an extension of the previous study, Kang et al. (2021) .  \nFunding  \nThis research was funded by the IELTS Partners: British Council, Cambridge  \nAssessment English and IDP: IELTS Australia. Grant awarded 2021.  \nPublishing details  \nPublished by the IELTS Partners: British Council, Cambridge Assessment English  \nand IDP: IELTS Australia © 2023.  \nThis publication is copyright. No commercial re-use. The research and opinions  \nexpressed are of individual researchers and do not represent the views of IELTS.  \nThe publishers do not accept responsibility for any of the claims made in the research.  \nHow to cite this report  \nKang, O. , Egbert, J. , & Miao, Y. (2023) . Speaking and writing features: Distinguishing  \nIELTS profciency levels and progression over time. IELTS Research Reports Online  \nSeries, No. 1/23 . British Council, Cambridge Assessment English and IDP: IELTS  \nAustralia. Available at [https://www.ielts.org/teaching-and-research/research-reports](https://www.ielts.org/teaching-and-research/research-reports)  \n‹‹ [www.ielts.org](www.ielts.org) IELTS Research Reports Online Series 2023/1 2  \nIntroduction  \nThis study by Kang, Egbert and Miao was conducted with support from the IELTS  \nPartners (British Council, IDP: IELTS Australia, and Cambridge University Press and  \nAssessment), as part of the IELTS joint-funded research program. Research funded  \nby the British Council and IDP: IELTS Australia under this program complement those  \nconducted or commissioned by Cambridge University Press & Assessment, and  \ntogether inform the ongoing validation and improvement of IELTS.  \nA signifcant body of research has been produced since the joint-funded research  \nprogram started in 1995, with over 200 empirical studies receiving grant funding.  \nAfter undergoing a process of peer review and revision, many of the studies have  \nbeen published in academic journals, in several IELTS-focused volumes in the  \nStudies in Language Testing series ([http://www.cambridgeenglish.org/silt](http://www.cambridgeenglish.org/silt)), and in the IELTS Research Reports series. Since 2012, to facilitate timely access, the research reports have been published on the IELTS website immediately after completing the  \npeer review and revision process.  \nA profciency test such as IELTS is a useful tool to classify test-takers according to their level of language ability. As part of this classifcation process, deciding which features  \nallow raters to distinguish between profciency levels (and those that infuence the  \ndevelopment of language profciency) is an important consideration for language test  \nproviders. The current research by Kang et al. has addressed a niche in this area and attempted, using corpus-based fndings, to untangle the complexity of second language (L2) profciency and acquisition.  \nConducted in the context of IELTS preparation courses in South Korea, the research  \nlooks at the relationship between a sample of Korean test-takers’ written and spoken  \nresponses and their IELTS test scores. The linguistic features that distinguish IELTS  \nspeaking and writing profciency levels for both the overall and each of the analytic  \nscoring criteria were investigated. Additionally, test-taker background variables were  \ngathered via a series of survey questionnaires. As an extension of earlier research by  \nKang, Ahn, Yaw and Chung (2021), the researchers of the current study examined the impact of b","cbCaipkwAsA0IRHq","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipkwAsA0IRHq","pdf",420349,36,"English","# Introduction\n## Research background and aims\n## Data, methods, and analytic scope\n## Key findings on predictors over time","[{\"question\":\"What is the purpose of this IELTS research report?\",\"answer\":\"It distinguishes IELTS speaking and writing proficiency levels and investigates how linguistic features progress over time in relation to test-taker background ability.\"},{\"question\":\"Which speaking feature was found to be the strongest predictor?\",\"answer\":\"Speech rate was the highest contributing predictor of both overall and analytic IELTS scores among the 18 speech features analyzed.\"},{\"question\":\"Which writing factor most strongly predicted IELTS writing scores?\",\"answer\":\"Essay length was the most significant predictor of the overall writing score and all analytic writing scores.\"}]","Distinguishing IELTS profciency levels and progression over time - Speaking and writing features | PDF",1790843843,91]