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Its contribution to carcinogenesis is assessed through altered expression in cancer versus normal tissues, defined molecular functions, and links between genetic variants in the SELENOF gene and cancer risk or outcomes. This review covers SELENOF discovery, structure, cellular localization, and expression, proposing roles in redox protein quality control and regulation of lipids, glucose, and energy metabolism.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/distinct-roles-of-selenof-in-different-human-cancers-review/380969/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/distinct-roles-of-selenof-in-different-human-cancers-review/380969.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Patrick","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",13,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What is SELENOF and why is it relevant to cancer?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"SELENOF (SEP15) is a selenoprotein containing selenium as selenocysteine. It is investigated in cancer because its expression differs between cancer and normal tissues, it has specific molecular functions, and genetic variants may affect cancer risk or outcomes.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"What mechanisms does the review suggest for SELENOF in cancer-related processes?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"The review summarizes data indicating SELENOF may support redox protein quality control and help regulate lipids, glucose, and energy metabolism. It also discusses how loss of SELENOF may contribute to some cancers while potentially being protective in others.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"How does selenium supplementation evidence relate to the focus on SELENOF?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Early evidence motivated selenium supplementation trials, including the SELECT prostate cancer prevention study, which did not show overall prevention benefit. The evidence shifted research from supplementation effects toward the roles of selenium-containing proteins like SELENOF.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},380969,1790579042,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146},549758146520,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/80002397d8c0411e94?_k=1775819394049821470","biomolecules  \nReview  \nDistinct Roles of SELENOF in Different Human Cancers  \nBrenna Flowers 1, Oliwia Bochnacka 1, Allison Poles 1, Alan M. Diamond 2 and Irida Kastrati 1, *  \nCitation: Flowers, B.; Bochnacka, O.; Poles, A.; Diamond, A.M.; Kastrati, I. Distinct Roles of SELENOF in Different Human Cancers. Biomolecules 2023, 13, 486. [https://](https://)[ ](https://)[doi.org/10.3390/biom13030486](doi.org/10.3390/biom13030486)  \nAcademic Editor: Marco Mariotti  \nReceived: 13 January 2023  \nRevised: 23 February 2023  \nAccepted: 24 February 2023  \nPublished: 6 March 2023  \nCopyright: © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \n1 Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA  \n2 Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA  \n* Correspondence: [ikastrati@luc.edu](ikastrati@luc.edu); Tel.: +1-708-327-3250  \nAbstract: SELENOF, previously known as SEP15, is a selenoprotein that contains selenium in the form of the amino acid selenocysteine. Like other selenoproteins, the role for SELENOF in carcinogenesis has been investigated due to its altered expression compared to the corresponding normal tissue, its molecular function, and the association of genetic variations in the SELENOF gene to cancer risk or outcome. This review summarizes SELENOF's discovery, structure, cellular localization, and expression. SELENOF belongs to a new family of thioredoxin-like proteins. Published data summarized here indicate a likely role for SELENOF in redox protein quality control, and in the regulation of lipids, glucose, and energy metabolism. Current evidence indicates that loss of SELENOF contributes to the development of prostate and breast cancer, while its loss may be protective against colon cancer. Additional investigation into SELENOF's molecular mechanisms and its impact on cancer is warranted.  \nKeywords: cancer; selenoprotein F; SELENOF; redox protein quality control; energy metabolism  \n1. Introduction  \nInterest in the essential trace element, selenium, as a means to prevent the incidence and mortality from cancer was initiated in the 1970s when correlative studies indicated an inverse association between selenium status (both dietary intake and serum levels) and mortality from various cancers [1,2] . Human trials were complemented by animal studies demonstrating that higher dietary selenium levels could prevent chemically induced and spontaneous cancers in several tissues [3–5] . Selenium in a variety of forms may be of therapeutic value by inhibiting the transformed phenotype, by displaying increased toxicity to cancer cells, and by altering oncogenic signaling pathways (reviewed in [4,6–9]) . These data led to the well-powered prostate cancer prevention study, the Selenium and Vitamin E in Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT) . In this North American trial supported by the National Institutes of Health, a 38,000 man cohort consisting of African Americans over the age of 50 or all other men over 55 were randomly divided into four groups, receiving either placebo, selenium, vitamin E or both selenium and vitamin E [10] . The study was terminated early, as there were indications that the vitamin E group experienced a higher risk of prostate cancer and there was no benefit from selenium supplementation [11] . However, the men in the selenium-supplemented group also experienced a greater risk of prostate cancer if their baseline levels were relatively high, although the greater risk seen in the vitamin E group was eliminated when the participants also received selenium [12] . In sum, epidemiological data still support an inverse association between seleni","cbCaitXp6AyP3nv3","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitXp6AyP3nv3","pdf",696907,11,"English","# Introduction\n# Selenium and cancer prevention background\n## Clinical trial evidence (SELECT)\n## Breast cancer selenium status and survival\n# From selenium supplementation to selenoproteins\n## Classes of selenium-containing proteins\n## Selenocysteine and redox reactions","[{\"question\":\"What is SELENOF and why is it relevant to cancer?\",\"answer\":\"SELENOF (SEP15) is a selenoprotein containing selenium as selenocysteine. It is investigated in cancer because its expression differs between cancer and normal tissues, it has specific molecular functions, and genetic variants may affect cancer risk or outcomes.\"},{\"question\":\"What mechanisms does the review suggest for SELENOF in cancer-related processes?\",\"answer\":\"The review summarizes data indicating SELENOF may support redox protein quality control and help regulate lipids, glucose, and energy metabolism. It also discusses how loss of SELENOF may contribute to some cancers while potentially being protective in others.\"},{\"question\":\"How does selenium supplementation evidence relate to the focus on SELENOF?\",\"answer\":\"Early evidence motivated selenium supplementation trials, including the SELECT prostate cancer prevention study, which did not show overall prevention benefit. The evidence shifted research from supplementation effects toward the roles of selenium-containing proteins like SELENOF.\"}]","Distinct Roles of SELENOF in Different Human Cancers - Review | PDF",1790242970,28]