[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-592966-105":59,"doc-detail-592966-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","distance-higher-education-and-moocs-in-china","Distance Higher Education and MOOCs in China","","China has the world’s largest higher education system, and this literature-based study reviews distance higher education in China, with special focus on MOOCs. It synthesizes Chinese scholarship and well-known English international journal articles, and incorporates relevant information from the Chinese Ministry of Education website. The review addresses development, accompanying practices, key challenges, and emerging opportunities. Recommendations are offered to improve how distance higher education benefits Chinese learners, with a concluding outlook on future directions.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/distance-higher-education-and-moocs-in-china/592966/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/distance-higher-education-and-moocs-in-china/592966.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Marglet","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-05","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the main purpose of this study on distance higher education in China?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It provides an overview of the literature on distance higher education, including MOOCs, and summarizes development, practices, challenges, and opportunities.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What sources does the author use for the literature review?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The author reviews recent Chinese and international literature since 2011, including multiple Chinese academic journals, well-known English journals, and information from the Chinese Ministry of Education website.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which areas does the study cover in addition to MOOCs?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It covers the overall development of distance higher education in China, including associated practices, challenges, opportunities, and recommendations for increasing benefits to Chinese learners.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},592966,1792452699,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},2336477982702,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","Asian Journal of Distance Education  \n[http://www](http://www.AsianJDE.org)[.](http://www.AsianJDE.org)[AsianJDE](http://www.AsianJDE.org)[.](http://www.AsianJDE.org)[org](http://www.AsianJDE.org)  \n© 2019 The Asian Society of Open and Distance Education ISSN 1347-9008 Asian J D E 2019 vol 14, no 1, pp 7-20  \nDistance Higher Education and MOOCs in China  \nXiaobin LI  \nFaculty of Education, Brock University, Canada  \n[xli@brocku.ca](xli@brocku.ca | ORCID 0000-0002-7401-7820)[ | ORCID 0000-0002-7401-7820](xli@brocku.ca | ORCID 0000-0002-7401-7820)  \nABSTRACT:  \nChina has the largest higher education system in the world. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the literature on distance higher education, including MOOCs, development in China, its accompanying practices, challenges, and opportunities. The study also offers recommendations derived from the literature on how to make distance higher education benefit more Chinese. This study is mainly a literature review and the related discussion. I conducted a review of Chinese literature on distance higher education and MOOCs. I also reviewed well-known English international journals for articles on distance higher education and MOOCs in China. In addition, I reviewed the relevant information available at the website of the Chinese Ministry of Education. The study summarizes all the literature reviewed and concludes with a note on the probable direction of the future development of Chinese distance higher education, particularly MOOCs.  \nKeywords: Distance Higher Education, MOOC, China.  \n1. BACKGROUND AND DEVELOPMENT:  \nThe purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the literature on the development of distance higher education, including MOOCs, in China, its accompanying practices, challenges, and opportunities. According to a statistical report on Chinese Internet development, by the end of 2018,829 million Chinese had used the Internet, which was about 59.6 percent of the population, with an increase of 3.8 percent over the end of 2017 (China Internet Network Information Center, 2019) . As more Chinese use the Internet, the importance of it in education increases as well. Online education is provided to more learners and it is becoming more specific for particular groups. By the end of 2018approximately201 million Chinese,  \n24.3 percent of those that had used the Internet, had received online education, with an increase rate of 29.7 percent over the end of 2017. Of those that received online education 96.5 percent used their mobile phones, with an increase of 19.9 percent over the end of 2017. One reason that online education has been increasing fast is that live broadcasting technology has been improving rapidly. As the techniques of voice recognition and cloud storage further advance, the quality of live classroom has been significantly enhanced, maximizing the effect of real classroom. The results of online education have been accepted by the market, meeting the needs of diverse learners. Without the restraints of time and space online education has been expanding in scope and depth (China Internet Network Information Center,  \nThis work of the Asian Journal of Distance Education is available under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.  \nASIAN JOURNAL of DISTANCE EDUCATION  \n2019) . In 2018 the market value of Chinese online education is approximately 170 billion yuan (about27 billion dollars)(Lu, 2018) . One important aspect of Chinese online education is distance higher education.  \nTo conduct this study, I did a review of recent Chinese and international literature on distance higher education in China since 2011. The Chinese academic journals I reviewed include: Open Education Research, Open Education Review, the Chinese Journal of ICT in Education, Distance Education in China, and Journal of Distance Education. I also reviewed well-known English international journalson online education and e-learning. These journals i","cbCaij508mZaS2UB","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaij508mZaS2UB","pdf",673430,14,"English","# Background and Development\n## Literature overview and study aim\n## Internet use and online education growth\n## Growth drivers and market acceptance","[{\"question\":\"What is the main purpose of this study on distance higher education in China?\",\"answer\":\"It provides an overview of the literature on distance higher education, including MOOCs, and summarizes development, practices, challenges, and opportunities.\"},{\"question\":\"What sources does the author use for the literature review?\",\"answer\":\"The author reviews recent Chinese and international literature since 2011, including multiple Chinese academic journals, well-known English journals, and information from the Chinese Ministry of Education website.\"},{\"question\":\"Which areas does the study cover in addition to MOOCs?\",\"answer\":\"It covers the overall development of distance higher education in China, including associated practices, challenges, opportunities, and recommendations for increasing benefits to Chinese learners.\"}]","Distance Higher Education and MOOCs in China | PDF",1792076277,35]