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Guides learners through observation of outer features, major vessels (aorta, pulmonary artery), valve locations, and the coronary vessels, then proceeds to stepwise opening of the heart using labelled drawings or photographs. Details how to distinguish ventricles by wall thickness, trace chamber pathways with a glass rod, identify semilunar valves, expose bicuspid and cordae tendineae, remove possible clots, and optionally repeat the process on the right side. Includes a hazard risk assessment, technician notes on ordering complete “pluck” material, handling safety, equipment cleaning with Virkon, and suggestions for further work and practical techniques.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/dissection-of-a-mammalian-heart-specification-reference-23/621691/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/dissection-of-a-mammalian-heart-specification-reference-23/621691.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Riley West","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-20",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What should students observe on the outside of the heart before dissecting it further?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Students should note whether the heart is covered in fat and identify large blood vessels such as the aorta and pulmonary artery, including where their semi-lunar valves are located at their bases.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How can learners distinguish the left and right ventricles during the dissection?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"After cutting about 3 cm from the apex, students can distinguish the ventricles because the left ventricle has a much thicker wall than the right ventricle.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What safety steps are recommended for handling and cleaning after butchery material dissections?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Hands must be washed thoroughly after handling and before leaving the laboratory. Dissection instruments should be autoclaved after use; contaminated equipment should be cleaned with hot water and detergent, then soaked in a freshly prepared 1% Virkon solution, and surfaces wiped with 1% Virkon for 10 minutes before drying.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},621691,1792904923,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":81,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":39,"preview_page_count":4},1099523885074,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","Dissection of a mammalian heart Specification reference: 2.3  \nAdaptations for transport  \nIntroduction  \nBy dissecting a mammalian heart, you should:  \n• see that it is a hollow organ comprising four chambers  \n• see that the associated blood vessels have different structures  \n• appreciate the differences in the thickness of the muscle in different chambers  \n• recognise the valves, both within the heart and in the blood vessels, and the tendons that contribute to the heart’s functioning.  \nApparatus  \nLamb’s heart Chopping board Scalpel  \nScissors Forceps Glass rod  \nMethod  \nYou should make labelled drawings or take photographs at each stage for your records.  \n1. Observe the outside of the heart.  \n• Note if it is covered in fat.  \n• Note any large blood vessels. The widest is the aorta and it has thick walls. You may also see the pulmonary artery. Look down these blood vessels into the heart and note the semi-lunar valves at their bases. The vena cava and pulmonary veins have thinner walls than the arteries.  \n• Note any blood vessels on the surface of the heart. These are likely to be the coronary vessels bringing blood to the muscle of the heart wall.  \n• Note the apex of the heart, the pointed end. This is the base of the ventricles, from where their contraction starts.  \n2. Look down through the atria from the top – using forceps find the tricuspid and bicuspid valves.  \n3. Use scissors to cut through the heart about 3 cm from the apex and look at the cut end. If you have cut far enough up, you will be able to see the ventricles. You can distinguish them as the left ventricle has a much thicker wall than the right ventricle.  \n4. Insert a glass rod into the left ventricle and gently push it upwards. You may see it emerge through the aorta. Reinsert the glass rod and alter its angle to allow it to pass up through the atrio-ventricular (bicuspid) valve into the left atrium and out through the pulmonary vein.  \n5. Using scissors, cut from the base of the ventricle up through the atrium and pulmonary vein, using the glass rod as your guide.  \n6. Identify the semilunar valves in the aorta and pulmonary artery.  \n7. Open up the heart to observe:  \n• the wall of the left ventricle is much thicker than the wall of the left atrium.  \n• the bicuspid valve  \n• the cordae tendineae (tendons) that attach the atrio-ventricuar (bicuspid) valve to the ventricle wall.  \n• the inner surface of the ventricle is not flat. The shape ensures streamlined blood flow through the heart.  \n• Blood clots may be present in the chambers of the heart but these can be removed with forceps.  \n8. An equivalent exercise may be done using the right side of the heart, exposing the tricuspid valve.  \nRisk assessment  \n\n| Hazard | Risk | Control measure |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Dissecting instruments are sharp | can pierce or cut the skin while dissecting heart | Take care with instruments and cut away from body |\n\nTeacher/ Technicians notes  \nIt is common for butchers to cut off the blood vessels and some of the atria from the top of the heart. If hearts are ordered from them in advance, they can try and limit this. If you order a ‘pluck’ – heart and lungs together – you will the heart should then be complete.  \nSafety of handling butcher material: Anything that a butcher sells must have been passed as‘fit for human consumption’, but may be carrying food-poisoning bacteria. It is not necessary to wear gloves during the dissection (although the students will probably be happier doing so) , but it is necessary to wash hands thoroughly after handling the material and before leaving the laboratory.  \nCleaning equipment and work surfaces: Dissecting instruments are best autoclaved after use because most disinfectants attack metal instruments. Clean contaminated equipment such as dissecting boards with hot water and detergent and soak for at least 10 minutes in a freshly-prepared 1% solution of Virkon disinfectant. Wipe down working surfaces with 1% Virkon, and","cbCaidXW4sx14KJw","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaidXW4sx14KJw","pdf",67774,"English","# Introduction\n# Apparatus\n# Method\n## Risk assessment\n## Teacher/Technicians notes\n## Cleaning equipment and work surfaces\n## Further work\n## Practical techniques","[{\"question\":\"What should students observe on the outside of the heart before dissecting it further?\",\"answer\":\"Students should note whether the heart is covered in fat and identify large blood vessels such as the aorta and pulmonary artery, including where their semi-lunar valves are located at their bases.\"},{\"question\":\"How can learners distinguish the left and right ventricles during the dissection?\",\"answer\":\"After cutting about 3 cm from the apex, students can distinguish the ventricles because the left ventricle has a much thicker wall than the right ventricle.\"},{\"question\":\"What safety steps are recommended for handling and cleaning after butchery material dissections?\",\"answer\":\"Hands must be washed thoroughly after handling and before leaving the laboratory. Dissection instruments should be autoclaved after use; contaminated equipment should be cleaned with hot water and detergent, then soaked in a freshly prepared 1% Virkon solution, and surfaces wiped with 1% Virkon for 10 minutes before drying.\"}]","Dissection of a Mammalian Heart - Specification reference: 2.3 | PDF",1792465811]