[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-295895-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-295895-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","disparities-in-the-uptake-of-cervical-cancer-screening-in-kuwait-a-cross-sectional-analysis-of-the-nationwide-who-steps-survey","Disparities in the Uptake of Cervical Cancer Screening in Kuwait - A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Nationwide WHO STEPS Survey","","Objective: Cervical cancer is projected to increase by 48% in Kuwait by 2035, making early detection essential to curb progression. This study investigated cervical cancer screening (CCS) prevalence and examined disparities in CCS uptake among Kuwaiti women. Methods: A representative Kuwaiti sample (n=3915) from WHO STEPwise STEPS noncommunicable disease surveillance was analyzed for women aged 18-69 (n=2292). Weighted CCS prevalence was estimated, and disparities were assessed with bivariate analyses and multivariable logistic regression. Results: Weighted CCS prevalence was 15.2% (95% CI 13.7–16.7), with higher odds among older, married, divorced/widowed, retired, and higher-education women, and among those with hypertension. Conclusions: CCS uptake was minimal and varied by age, education, residence, marital status, employment, and health profile, indicating a need for organized, widely promoted, physician-endorsed screening programs tailored to local norms.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/disparities-in-the-uptake-of-cervical-cancer-screening-in-kuwait-a-cross-sectional-analysis-of-the-nationwide-who-steps-survey/295895/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/disparities-in-the-uptake-of-cervical-cancer-screening-in-kuwait-a-cross-sectional-analysis-of-the-nationwide-who-steps-survey/295895.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"\tJames","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-03","2026-09-18",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What was the main objective of the study?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"To estimate cervical cancer screening prevalence in Kuwait using a representative sample and to assess disparities in screening uptake among Kuwaiti women.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How was the screening prevalence estimated?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"The study used WHO STEPwise (STEPS) survey data, analyzed demographic, socioeconomic, and health variables, and applied age-weighted estimates along with regression models adjusted for sociodemographics and health status.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"Which groups had higher or lower odds of being screened?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Older women, married and divorced/widowed women, retirees, those with high school education or higher, and women with hypertension had higher odds. Overweight/diabetic women and non-Capital residents had lower odds of CCS.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},295895,1790096651,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,111,115,120,123,127],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":112,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":126},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":128,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":130},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":132},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":133,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":112,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":112,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":118,"preview_page_count":4},2336474466412,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","RESEARCH ARTICLE  \nEditorial Process: Submission:08/26/2024 Acceptance:03/11/2025  \nDisparities in the Uptake of Cervical Cancer Screening in Kuwait: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Nationwide WHO STEPS Survey  \nEimanAlawadhi1 *, Soad Albahar2, Eleni Tolma3, Joseph Longenecker4, Eiman Tawheed5, RihabAl-Wotayan6  \nAbstract  \nObjective: Cervical cancer is projected to increase by 48% in Kuwait by 2035. Detecting cervical cancer early can prevent its progression. Given the paucity of prior research in Kuwait, we aimed to investigate cervical cancer screening (CCS) prevalence using a representative sample and assess disparities in CCS uptake among Kuwaiti women. Methods: We obtained a representative Kuwaiti sample (n=3915) through WHO’s STEPwise approach to noncommunicable disease risk factor surveillance (STEPS) . Demographic, socioeconomic, and health data were analyzed for women aged 18-69 (n=2292) with available CCS information. Results were age-weighted, and analysis included descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and multivariable logistic regression adjusted for sociodemographics and health status. Results: Weighted CCS prevalence was 15.2%(95% CI [13.7-16.7]). Older women had higher odds of CCS; 60-69 age group was four times more likely to be screened than the 18-29 group (OR 4.0 [2.6-9.4]). Married (OR 5.0 [2.6-9.4]), divorced/widowed (OR 5.2 [2.6-11.3]) women, retirees (OR 2.1 [1.3-3.5]), those with high school degree or higher (OR 2.7-2.8 [1.1-7.0]), and those with hypertension (OR 1.7 [1.1-2.4]) had higher odds of screening. Overweight/diabetic women had 40% lower odds of CCS (OR 0.6 [0.4-0.9]), and non-Capital residents had 60% lower odds (OR 0.4 [0.3- 0.6]) . Conclusions: CCS uptake among Kuwaiti women is minimal, with disparities in age, education, residence, marital status, employment, and health issues. Efforts are needed for organized, widely promoted, physician-endorsed screening programs addressing such disparities and Kuwait’s cultural norms.  \nKeywords: Cervical cancer-cancer screening-Kuwait-papanicolaou test-prevalence  \nAsian Pac J Cancer Prev, 26 (3), 861-868  \nIntroduction  \nCervical cancer is the 4th most prominent cancer among females worldwide and varies between 8th and 10th among countries in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), a regional, intergovernmental, political, and economic union comprised of Kuwait, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) [1, 2]. In Kuwait, specifically, the age adjusted incidence rate of cancer of the cervix uteri is 3.4 and the mortality rate (per100,000) is 1.2 [3] . The incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in Kuwait are expected to rise by 39.3% and 64.7%, respectively, by 2030 [4] . Unlike most other types of cancer, cervical cancer is preventable through the early detection and treatment of precursor lesions [5] . In Kuwait, patients diagnosed at an early localized  \nstage had higher probabilities of survival, with a 5-year survival rate of over 90%[6] . Cervical cancer in Kuwait is most commonly diagnosed at the regional stage, which has a lower overall probability of survival [6]. Therefore, early detection of cervical cancer through effective early screening is crucial for reducing the significant projected increases in cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates in the country [7-10] .  \nGuidelines and practices for cancer screening vary by country. Papanicolaou cytological tests (Pap smear) are widely accepted as the gold standard screening test due to their profound effect on cervical cancer mortality in nations that have adopted screening programs. However, duetotherole of HPV in increasing the risk of developing cervical cancer, HPV DNA testing is also an alternative screening tool [11] . The latest 2020 American Cancer  \n1College of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kuwait University, Kuwait. 2College of Public Health, Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, Kuwait University,","cbCaivQUlgDzh2fu","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaivQUlgDzh2fu","pdf",438356,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Cervical cancer burden and need for early detection\n## Screening guidelines and available tests\n## Context in Kuwait and the GCC","[{\"question\":\"What was the main objective of the study?\",\"answer\":\"To estimate cervical cancer screening prevalence in Kuwait using a representative sample and to assess disparities in screening uptake among Kuwaiti women.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the screening prevalence estimated?\",\"answer\":\"The study used WHO STEPwise (STEPS) survey data, analyzed demographic, socioeconomic, and health variables, and applied age-weighted estimates along with regression models adjusted for sociodemographics and health status.\"},{\"question\":\"Which groups had higher or lower odds of being screened?\",\"answer\":\"Older women, married and divorced/widowed women, retirees, those with high school education or higher, and women with hypertension had higher odds. Overweight/diabetic women and non-Capital residents had lower odds of CCS.\"}]","Disparities in the Uptake of Cervical Cancer Screening in Kuwait - A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Nationwide WHO STEPS Survey | PDF",1789725217]