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Examines differences by parent race/ethnicity, income, urbanicity, partisanship, and grade level, focusing on access to technology, instruction, services such as free and reduced-price meals, and in-person learning opportunities. Highlights inequities in remote schooling and informs equity-focused policy and encouragement of in-person learning attendance.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/disparities-in-educational-access-in-the-time-of-covid-evidence-from-a-nationally-representative-panel-of-american-families/590126/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/disparities-in-educational-access-in-the-time-of-covid-evidence-from-a-nationally-representative-panel-of-american-families/590126.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Adam","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":24},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What data does the study use to analyze educational access during COVID-19?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It uses Understanding America Survey data collected between April 2020 and March 2021 from a nationally representative internet panel of approximately 1,450 households with school-age children.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which factors are used to examine disparities in access?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Disparities are explored by parent race/ethnicity, income, urbanicity, partisanship, and grade level, comparing elementary versus middle/high school.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What types of access disparities does the study identify?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It finds common disparities by race and family income and observes variation across urbanicity, partisanship, and grade levels, including access to technology, instruction, services (e.g., FRPM, mental health), instructional supports, and in-person schooling.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},590126,1792191662,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":24,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},1374404737137,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","AERA Open  \nJanuary-December 2021, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 1–21 DOI: 10. 1177/23328584211041350  \nArticle reuse guidelines: [sagepub.com/journals-permissions](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)[ ](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)© The Author(s) 2021. [https://journals.sagepub.com/home/ero](https://journals.sagepub.com/home/ero)  \nDisparities in Educational Access in the Time of COVID: Evidence From a Nationally Representative Panel of American Families  \nShira K. Haderlein  \nAnna Rosefsky Saavedra  \nMorgan S. Polikoff  \nDaniel Silver  \nUniversity of Southern California  \nAmie Rapaport  \nMarshall Garland  \nGibson Consulting Group  \nWe use data collected between April 2020 and March 2021 from the Understanding America Survey, a nationally representative internet panel of approximately 1,450 households with school-age children, to document the access of American households to K–12 education during the COVID-19 crisis. We also explore disparities by parent race/ethnicity, income, urbanicity, partisanship, and grade level (i.e., elementary school vs. middle/high school). Results shed light on the vectors of inequality that occurred throughout the pandemic in access to technology, instruction, services (e.g., free and reduced-price meals), and in-person learning opportunities. Our work highlights the equity implications of the pandemic and suggests the importance of encouraging widespread in-person learning opportunities and attendance by the beginning of the 2021–2022 school year for addressing COVID-19’s educational effects.  \nKeywords: coronavirus pandemic, disparities, equity, parents and families, survey research  \nThe coronavirus pandemic sent unprecedented shocks through [the U.S. education](the U.S. education) system. Starting in March of 2020, states began closing K–12 school buildings and shifting to online learning. With virtually all schools nationwide closed by the end of April, an estimated 55.1 million K–12 students were affected, learning remotely or not at all (“Map: Coronavirus and School Closures,” 2020) . Remote learning and other virus mitigation strategies employed by schools and districts throughout the 2020–2021 school year (e.g., reduced capacity for in-person learning, hybrid learning models) posed major challenges for teachers and families, who needed to quickly adapt to new roles and expectations in order to support K–12 students and their learning (Adams & Todd, 2020; Garbe et al., 2020a, 2020b; Hamilton et al., 2020; Russell et al., 2020) .  \nWhile the COVID-19 pandemic undoubtedly impacted all K–12 students, the effects for some students were more severe. For example, low-income families were less likely to have access to the technology required to participate in online learning (Polikoff et al., 2020; Stelitano et al., 2020) and their parents were more likely to be essential workers  \n(Berube & Bateman, 2020), with less time to devote to online learning. Black and Hispanic students might also have been disproportionately affected due to existing racial inequalities in school spending (Sosina & Weathers, 2019) and unequal access to high-quality teachers (Clotfelter et al., 2005; Goldhaber et al., 2015) . Understanding disparities in educational access and opportunity among these groups is critical for understanding the impacts of COVID-19 and appropriate targets for policy responses.  \nOur study is uniquely positioned to provide evidence to this effect, as we report on results from the only nationally representative panel data effort to collect real-time, longitudinal data during the pandemic from a large enough sample of parents to explore COVID-19’s disparate effects on education by racial and household income subgroups, among others. We leverage data from the Understanding America Survey (UAS), a nationally representative internet panel administered by the University of Southern California Dornsife Center for Economic and Social Research repeatedly over time to the same approximately 1,450 households wit","cbCaivYlofDAmuJZ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaivYlofDAmuJZ","pdf",589112,21,"English","# Overview\n# Study Data and Approach\n# Research Questions\n# Key Findings and Inequality Vectors\n# Equity Implications and Policy Relevance","[{\"question\":\"What data does the study use to analyze educational access during COVID-19?\",\"answer\":\"It uses Understanding America Survey data collected between April 2020 and March 2021 from a nationally representative internet panel of approximately 1,450 households with school-age children.\"},{\"question\":\"Which factors are used to examine disparities in access?\",\"answer\":\"Disparities are explored by parent race/ethnicity, income, urbanicity, partisanship, and grade level, comparing elementary versus middle/high school.\"},{\"question\":\"What types of access disparities does the study identify?\",\"answer\":\"It finds common disparities by race and family income and observes variation across urbanicity, partisanship, and grade levels, including access to technology, instruction, services (e.g., FRPM, mental health), instructional supports, and in-person schooling.\"}]","Disparities in Educational Access in the Time of COVID - Evidence From a Nationally Representative Panel of American Families | PDF",1792068855,53]