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statistics Using r  \nDiscovering statistics Using r  \na n Dy F i e l D | J e r emy m i l es | Zo ë F i e l D  \n© Andy Field, Jeremy Miles and Zoë Field 2012  \nFirst published 2012  \nApart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form, or by any means, only with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction, in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers.  \nSAGE Publications Ltd  \n1 Oliver’s Yard  \n55 City Road London EC1Y 1SP  \nSAGE Publications Inc.  \n2455 Teller Road  \nThousand Oaks, California 91320  \nSAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd  \nB 1/I 1 Mohan Cooperative Industrial Area Mathura Road  \nNew Delhi 110 044  \nSAGE Publications Asia-Pacific Pte Ltd  \n3 Church Street  \n\\#10-04 Samsung Hub Singapore 049483  \nLibrary of Congress Control Number: Available British Library Cataloguing in Publication data  \nA catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library  \nISBN 978-1-4462-0045-2  \nISBN 978-1-4462-0046-9  \nTypeset by C&M Digitals (P) Ltd, Chennai, India  \nPrinted and bound in Great Britain by Ashford Colour Press Ltd Printed on paper from sustainable resources  \n CONTENTS   \nPreface xxi  \nHow to use this book xxv  \nAcknowledgements xxix  \nDedication xxxi  \nSymbols used in this book xxxii  \nSome maths revision xxxiv  \n1 Why is my evil lecturer forcing me to learn statistics? 1  \n1.1. What will this chapter tell me? 1 1  \n1.2. What the hell am I doing here? I don’t belong here 1 2  \n1.3. Initial observation: finding something that needs explaining 1 4  \n1.4. Generating theories and testing them 1 4  \n1.5. Data collection 1: what to measure 1 7  \n1.5.1. Variables 1 7  \n1.5.2. Measurement error 1 11  \n1.5.3. Validity and reliability 1 12  \n1.6. Data collection 2: how to measure 1 13  \n1.6.1. Correlational research methods 1 13  \n1.6.2. Experimental research methods 1 13  \n1.6.3. Randomization 1 17  \n1.7. Analysing data 1 19  \n1.7.1. Frequency distributions 1 19  \n1.7.2. The centre of a distribution 1 21  \n1.7.3. The dispersion in a distribution 1 24  \n1.7.4. Using a frequency distribution to go beyond the data 1 25  \n1.7.5. Fitting statistical models to the data 1 28  \nWhat have I discovered about statistics? 1 29  \nKey terms that I’ve discovered 29  \nSmart Alex’s tasks 30  \nFurther reading 31  \nInteresting real research 31  \n2 Everything you ever wanted to know about statistics  \n(well, sort of) 32  \n2.1. What will this chapter tell me? 1 32  \n2.2. Building statistical models 1 33  \nvi DISCOVERING STATISTICS USING R  \n2.3. Populations and samples 1 36  \n2.4. Simple statistical models 1 36  \n2.4.1. The mean: a very simple statistical model 1 36  \n2.4.2. Assessing the fit of the mean: sums of squares, variance and standard deviations 1 37  \n2.4.3. Expressing the mean as a model 2 40  \n2.5. Going beyond the data 1 41  \n2.5.1. The standard error 1 42  \n2.5.2. Confidence intervals 2 43  \n2.6. Using statistical models to test research questions 1 49  \n2.6.1. Test statistics 1 53  \n2.6.2. One-and two-tailed tests 1 55  \n2.6.3. Type I and Type II errors 1 56  \n2.6.4. Effect sizes 2 57  \n2.6.5. Statistical power 2 58  \nWhat have I discovered about statistics? 1 59  \nKey terms that I’ve discovered 60  \nSmart Alex’s tasks 60  \nFurther reading 60  \nInteresting real research 61  \n3 The R environment 62  \n3.1. What will this chapter tell me? 1 62  \n3.2. Before you start 1 63  \n3.2.1. The R-chitecture 1 63  \n3.2.2. Pros and cons of R 1 64  \n3.2.3. Downloading and installing R 1 65  \n3.2.4. Versions of R 1 66  \n3.3. Getting started 1 66  \n3.3.1. The main windows in R 1 67  \n3.3.2. Menus in R 1 67 ","cbCaii1d2ZI2do4V","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaii1d2ZI2do4V","pdf",21572402,993,"English","# Preface\n## How to use this book\n# Symbols used in this book\n# Some maths revision\n# 1 Why is my evil lecturer forcing me to learn statistics?\n## 1.1 What will this chapter tell me?\n## 1.2 What the hell am I doing here? I don’t belong here\n## 1.3 Initial observation: finding something that needs explaining\n# 2 Everything you ever wanted to know about statistics (well, sort of)\n## 2.1 What will this chapter tell me?\n## 2.2 Building statistical models\n# 3 The R environment\n## 3.1 What will this chapter tell me?\n## 3.2 Before you start\n# 4 Exploring data with graphs\n## 4.1 What will this chapter tell me?\n## 4.2 The art of presenting data","[{\"question\":\"What key topics are covered in the early chapters?\",\"answer\":\"The book covers statistics learning motivation, initial observation, generating and testing theories, and fundamentals of data collection, variables, and measurement error, followed by frequency distributions, mean, and dispersion.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the book introduce statistical modeling and inference?\",\"answer\":\"It explains building statistical models, populations versus samples, simple models like the mean, then extends to standard error, confidence intervals, and hypothesis testing, including test statistics, tail types, and error types.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the R environment chapter teach?\",\"answer\":\"It covers the R interface, commands, objects and functions, scripts and workspace, setting a working directory, installing packages, getting help, and importing and manipulating data, including working with dataframes and missing values.\"}]","Discovering Statistics Using R - read online free | PDF",2502]