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Findings show Iranian writers used negative politeness most, followed by positive politeness; British writers showed the same pattern. Significant gender-based differences appeared for Iranian positive and negative strategies, while British gender differences for positive strategies were not significant. ",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/dinamika-ilmu-vol-19-no-1-2019-relationship-between-students-gender-and-their-use-of-politeness-strategies-in-phd-dissertations/600951/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/dinamika-ilmu-vol-19-no-1-2019-relationship-between-students-gender-and-their-use-of-politeness-strategies-in-phd-dissertations/600951.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"mieayamfan","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-02","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",13,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What politeness framework does the study use to analyze PhD dissertations?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"It uses Brown and Levinson’s (1987) taxonomy of politeness strategies, focusing on the “Result and Discussion Section” of the dissertations.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How do Iranian and British writers differ in their use of politeness strategies?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Both groups used negative politeness strategies more frequently than others; for Iranian writers, negative politeness was most frequent, followed by positive politeness.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What gender-related differences did the study find for Iranian and British participants?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"For Iranian writers, significant differences were found between male and female authors in positive and negative strategies, with female authors using fewer strategies. For British participants, positive strategies showed no significant gender difference, while negative strategies did show a significant gender difference.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},600951,1792161586,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146},962090893677,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_3d24733baf745e90a7e4bdd5f77d97b2","DINAMIKA ILMU  \nVol. 19 No. 1, 2019  \nP-ISSN: 1411-3031; E-ISSN: 2442-9651  \ndoi: [http://doi.org/10.21093/di.v19i1.1475](http://doi.org/10.21093/di.v19i1.1475)  \nRelationship between Students’ Gender and their Use of Politeness Strategies in the “Results and Discussions Section” of PhD Dissertations  \nArezoo Koohzad (Corresponding Author)  \nFerdowsi University ofMashhad, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran  \n[e-mail: upmreza@gmail.com](e-mail: upmreza@gmail.com)  \nBehzad Ghonsooly  \nFerdowsi University ofMashhad, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran  \n[e-mail: Ghonsooly@gmail.com](e-mail: Ghonsooly@gmail.com)  \nZargham Ghapanchi  \nFerdowsi University ofMashhad, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran  \n[e-mail: Ghapanchi@gmail.com](e-mail: Ghapanchi@gmail.com)  \nReza Gholami  \nUniversiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia  \n[e-mail: upmreza@gmail.com](e-mail: upmreza@gmail.com)  \nAbstract  \nThe researcher analyzed the Result and Discussion Sections of 10 dissertations of Iranian PhD students and 10 British PhD students by aiming to investigate their use of politeness strategies using Brown and Levinson‟s (1987) taxonomy and its relationship with the gender of the authors. The results proved that Iranian writers most frequently used negative politeness strategies, followed by positive politeness strategies. British writers, like Iranians, used negative politeness strategies more than the others. The next frequent strategy was positive politeness strategies. Moreover, there was a significant difference between the frequency of politeness strategies used by Persian and British writers. Considering the gender, there is a significant difference between the positive strategies used by male and female Iranians. In fact, unlike the Male Iranian authors who used more positive strategies, the female Iranian authors used fewer strategies and this difference was significant. However, that there was no significant difference between the positive  \nstrategies used by British male and female participants. Also, there was a significant difference between the negative strategies used by male and female Iranians. In fact, the results show that the female Iranian authors used fewer strategies and this difference was significant. Moreover, there was a significant difference between the negative strategies used by British male and female participants.  \nKeywords: Politeness strategies, gender, PhD Dissertations  \nA. Introduction  \nWhen considering acquiring/learning L2 or even its instruction, it is well agreed that learning would be affected by diverse elements in terms of differences, among which age, context, individual, along with gender differences (Shehadeh, 1999) . Gender seems to the furthermost imperative issue affecting this learning (Gholami, 2011) . Consistent with Lakoff (1975), it is claimed that females‟ language ability is incomplete or poorer in comparison with that of their counterparts. As regards, a vast number of research has been conducted to investigate gender and its role in L2 learning. However, diverse studies offer the likelihood that the females‟ chances for L2 learning are not totally identical to that of the men (Gholami, 2011) . Gender has been considered as an important feature when it comes to the interactions amongst teachers and student within the context of the classrooms, believing that the instructors‟ sex could affect both the excellence and magnitude of the mentioned interactions. It is proclaimed that any linguistic politeness model had better not merely aim at explaining the reason for the things said by the speakers but also to envisage imaginable impacts of such saying on the interlocutors. Moreover, such a theory is required to elucidate the way the interlocutors deal with developing the up-and-coming networks while assessing what their positions are as well as that of their interlocutors inside such a network (Monsefi & Hadidi, 2015) .  \nRegarding the difference in males and females‟ way of talking, it is asserted by Lakoff (1975)","cbCaiup5UzdHhhDE","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiup5UzdHhhDE","pdf",462420,21,"English","# A. Introduction\n## 1. Statement of the Problem","[{\"question\":\"What politeness framework does the study use to analyze PhD dissertations?\",\"answer\":\"It uses Brown and Levinson’s (1987) taxonomy of politeness strategies, focusing on the “Result and Discussion Section” of the dissertations.\"},{\"question\":\"How do Iranian and British writers differ in their use of politeness strategies?\",\"answer\":\"Both groups used negative politeness strategies more frequently than others; for Iranian writers, negative politeness was most frequent, followed by positive politeness.\"},{\"question\":\"What gender-related differences did the study find for Iranian and British participants?\",\"answer\":\"For Iranian writers, significant differences were found between male and female authors in positive and negative strategies, with female authors using fewer strategies. For British participants, positive strategies showed no significant gender difference, while negative strategies did show a significant gender difference.\"}]","DINAMIKA ILMU - Vol. 19 No. 1, 2019 - Relationship between Students’ Gender and their Use of Politeness Strategies in PhD Dissertations | PDF",1792091696,53]