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The report summarizes findings from an April 2023 survey of 2,483 faculty and 641 administrators across all 50 states and Washington, D.C. It analyzes teaching modalities, curricula materials, inclusive access, textbook formats, cost factors, satisfaction, and awareness and use of OER, highlighting trends since 2009, including impacts associated with COVID-19.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/digitally-established-educational-resources-in-us-higher-education-2023/582916/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/digitally-established-educational-resources-in-us-higher-education-2023/582916.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Rhys","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-27","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":24},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the purpose of the Digitally Established report series?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The series tracks curricula discovery, selection, and adoption processes in U.S. higher education, focusing on the shift from print textbooks to digital materials over time.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"When were the 2023 survey responses collected and who participated?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Responses were collected in April 2023 from 2,483 faculty and 641 administrators across all 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How does the report characterize inclusive access and its adoption trends?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It reports that overall inclusive access use stayed steady year over year at about 25% of respondents. 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Seaman and Je! Seaman  \n\n| \u003Cbr>| |\n| --- | --- |\n\nJulia E. Seaman, Ph. D.  \nResearch Director, Bay View Analytics  \nJeff Seaman, Ph. D.  \nDirector, Bay View Analytics  \n2023  \nDigitally Established  \nEducational Resources in U.S. Higher Education, 2023  \nCONTENTS  \nACKNOWLEDGMENTS ......................................................................................................2  \nEXECUTIVE SUMMARY .....................................................................................................3  \nSTUDY RESULTS.............................................................................................................4  \nTeaching Modalities ........................................................................................................... 4  \nCurricula Materials ............................................................................................................. 7  \nInclusive Access .............................................................................................................. 11  \nTextbook Formats ............................................................................................................ 15  \nPerspectives on Digital versus Print.............................................................................. 18  \nCost Factor ....................................................................................................................... 23  \nCurricula Satisfaction ...................................................................................................... 26  \nOER Awareness ............................................................................................................... 29  \nOER Use ............................................................................................................................ 34  \nSUMMARY ....................................................................................................................38  \nNext Steps......................................................................................................................... 38  \nMETHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................39  \nDEFINITIONS .................................................................................................................41  \nAPPENDIX TABLES ........................................................................................................44  \nThe cover design is by Mark Favazza ([www.favazza.com](www.favazza.com)) .  \nDigitally Established  \nis released under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4 .0) .  \nReport available at [http://www.bayviewanalytics.com/oer.html](http://www.bayviewanalytics.com/oer.html)  \nDigitally Established  \nEducational Resources in U.S. Higher Education, 2023  \nACKNOWLEDGMENTS  \nThis report was made possible by the ongoing support from the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation; we are thankful for their continuing guidance. Weare also grateful to the Online Learning Consortium, who has served as administrator for our grant and provided invaluable feedback.  \nWe’d like to thank the more than 3,000 respondents who took the time to share their insights. This project would not be possible without the faculty and administrators who completed our survey. We review every response and read every submitted comment. Some of these comments are included in this report, with permission from the respondent. Each quote is as close to the original as possible; the only changes made were to remove personally identifying information or to correct obvious typos.  \nThe project also received great support from the open education community. We turned to members of the community for feedback and advice throughout the course of this project and thank them for helping to improve the final version.  \nThis report would also not possible w","cbCaiu1HRvTq2suA","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiu1HRvTq2suA","pdf",2142030,54,"English","# Executive Summary\n## Teaching Modalities\n## Curricula Materials\n## Inclusive Access\n## Textbook Formats\n## Perspectives on Digital versus Print\n## Cost Factor\n## Curricula Satisfaction\n## OER Awareness\n## OER Use\n# Summary\n## Next Steps\n# Methodology\n# Definitions\n# Appendix Tables","[{\"question\":\"What is the purpose of the Digitally Established report series?\",\"answer\":\"The series tracks curricula discovery, selection, and adoption processes in U.S. higher education, focusing on the shift from print textbooks to digital materials over time.\"},{\"question\":\"When were the 2023 survey responses collected and who participated?\",\"answer\":\"Responses were collected in April 2023 from 2,483 faculty and 641 administrators across all 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the report characterize inclusive access and its adoption trends?\",\"answer\":\"It reports that overall inclusive access use stayed steady year over year at about 25% of respondents. It also notes decreased awareness, suggesting confusion about what inclusive access products are.\"}]","Digitally Established - Educational Resources in U.S. Higher Education, 2023 | PDF",1792044973,136]