[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-45671-en":3,"doc-seo-45671-105":29,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":27,"read_time":28},45671,549758252649,"Ivy","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/8000253669c5317157?_k=1778319167496531819",7,"Healthcare","Differences on Drugs and Vaccines","Training session material on the similarities and differences between vaccines and drugs, focused on key features and their implications for vaccine pharmacovigilance. Defines vaccines as immune-stimulating products and explains common administration routes. Breaks down vaccine components—antigen, suspending fluids, preservatives, stabilizers, adjuvants, and trace culture materials—then discusses safety-relevant considerations. Compares vaccine components with definitions of pharmaceutical drugs, including internationally used regulatory descriptions.","Module 2: Vaccines and drugs: similarities and differences  \nVaccine PV Fellowship  \nWHO Collaborating Centre for Advocacy and Training in  \nPharmacovigilance Accra, Ghana  \n7th – 18th September 2015  \nLearning objectives  \n• At the end of this session, participants are expected to:  \n– Know the peculiar features of vaccines and drugs  \n– Know the similarities and differences between drugs and vaccines  \n– Appreciate the need to take the similarities and differences between vaccines and drugs into consideration when undertaking vaccine pharmacovigilance  \nSame, Similar or Different?  \n• Vaccine (vaccine product)  \n• Medicine  \n• Drug  \n• Pharmaceutical Product  \n• Biological Product  \n• Chemical Entity/New Chemical Entity  \nWhat are vaccines?  \n• Vaccine: A product that stimulates a person’s immune system to produce immunity to a specific disease, protecting the person from that disease  \n– US CDC  \n• Vaccines are usually administered through needle injections, but can also be administered by mouth or sprayed into the nose  \nComponents of Vaccines  \n• The antigen (protein)– “active ingredient”  \n• Other chemicals used to make the vaccine product  \n– Suspending fluid (sterile water, saline, or fluids containing protein)  \n– Preservatives and stabilizers (for example, albumin, phenols, and glycine);  \n– Adjuvants or enhancers that help improve the vaccine's effectiveness.  \n– Very small amounts of the culture material used to grow the virus or bacteria used in the vaccine, such as chicken egg protein  \nExercise  \n• Do the components of vaccines have any bearings on the safety of the vaccine product?  \n• What likely safety issues are there with each of the vaccine components listed?  \nVaccine Components- I  \n• Aluminium gels or salts of aluminium  \n– Added as adjuvants to help the vaccine stimulate abetter response  \n– Adjuvants help promote an earlier, more potent response, and more persistent immune response to vaccines  \n• Antibiotics  \n– Added to some vaccines to prevent the growth of bacteria during production and storage of the vaccine  \n– Penicillins are usually NOT USED in vaccines  \nVaccine Components-II  \n• Egg protein  \n– Found in vaccines prepared using chicken eggs e.g. influenza and yellow fever vaccines  \n– Could cause “egg allergy”  \n• Formaldehyde  \n– Used to inactivate bacterial products for toxoid vaccines  \n– Also used to kill unwanted viruses and bacteria that might contaminate the vaccine during production  \n– Most formaldehyde is removed from the vaccine before it is packaged  \nVaccine Components-III  \n• Monosodium glutamate (MSG) and 2-phenoxy-ethanol  \n– Used as stabilizers in a few vaccines to help the vaccine remain unchanged when the vaccine is exposed to heat, light, acidity, or humidity.  \n• Thimerosal  \n– A mercury-containing preservative that is added to vials of vaccine that contain more than one dose to prevent contamination and growth of potentially harmful bacteria  \nDrugs (Pharmaceutical Drug)  \n• Synonyms: medicinal product, medicine, medication, or medicament  \n– A chemical, herbal or biological product used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent disease (EU)  \n– Articles intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease in man or other animals OR Articles (other than food) intended to affect the structure or any function of the body of man or other animals (US)","cbCaiqnjsVo5p9HJ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqnjsVo5p9HJ","pdf",281857,1,30,"English","en",105,"# Learning objectives\n# Same, Similar or Different?\n# What are vaccines?\n## Components of Vaccines\n# Exercise\n## Vaccine Components-I\n## Vaccine Components-II\n## Vaccine Components-III\n# Drugs (Pharmaceutical Drug)","[{\"question\":\"How are vaccines defined and what do they do in the body?\",\"answer\":\"Vaccines are products that stimulate a person’s immune system to produce immunity to a specific disease, protecting the person from that disease.\"},{\"question\":\"What components make up a vaccine product?\",\"answer\":\"Key components include the antigen (active ingredient), suspending fluid, preservatives and stabilizers, adjuvants or enhancers, and very small amounts of culture material used to grow the virus or bacteria.\"},{\"question\":\"Why do vaccine components matter for safety in pharmacovigilance?\",\"answer\":\"The module highlights that each listed component can have safety implications, such as allergy risks from egg protein or contamination prevention from preservatives, and these differences should be considered during vaccine 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are vaccines defined and what do they do in the body?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"Vaccines are products that stimulate a person’s immune system to produce immunity to a specific disease, protecting the person from that disease.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"What components make up a vaccine product?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"Key components include the antigen (active ingredient), suspending fluid, preservatives and stabilizers, adjuvants or enhancers, and very small amounts of culture material used to grow the virus or bacteria.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"Why do vaccine components matter for safety in pharmacovigilance?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"The module highlights that each listed component can have safety implications, such as allergy risks from egg protein or contamination prevention from preservatives, and these differences should be considered during vaccine 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