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Results showed an inverse association between DPI and all cancers, and subgroup findings indicated reduced breast cancer risk and reduced risk of non-breast cancers.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/dietary-phytochemical-index-and-the-risk-of-cancer-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis/364909/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/dietary-phytochemical-index-and-the-risk-of-cancer-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis/364909.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Genevieve","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-23",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What was the main objective of the study?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"To assess the relationship between the dietary phytochemical index (DPI) and the risk of cancers using a systematic review and meta-analysis.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"Which databases and study types were included?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"The review searched Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science up to December 2024 and included observational studies, specifically case-control studies reporting associations between DPI and cancer risk.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What did the pooled results show about DPI and cancer risk?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Higher DPI scores were associated with decreased odds of all cancers (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.29–0.54). Subgroup analyses also indicated lower risk for breast cancer and for selected non-breast cancers.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},364909,1790465801,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,110,115,120,123,127],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":126},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":128,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":130},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":132},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":133,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":107,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146},1374391974585,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","OPEN ACCESS  \nCitation: Ahmadirad H, Omrani M, Azmi N, Saeidian AH, Jahromi MK, Mirtavoos-Mahyari H, et al. (2025) Dietary phytochemical index and the risk of cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 20(4): e0319591 .  \n[https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0319591](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0319591)  \nEditor: Ozra Tabatabaei-Malazy, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, IRAN, ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF  \nReceived: October 21, 2024  \nAccepted: February 4, 2025  \nPublished: April 2, 2025  \nCopyright: © 2025 Ahmadirad et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.  \nData availability statement: All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting  Information files.  \nFunding: The author(s) received no specific funding for this work.  \nRESEARCH ARTICLE  \nDietary phytochemical index and the risk of cancer: A systematic review and  \nmeta-analysis  \nHamid Ahmadirad1, Morteza Omrani2, Nikoo Azmi2, Amir Hesam Saeidian3, Mitra Kazemi Jahromi4, Hanifeh Mirtavoos-Mahyari5, Mahdi Akbarzadeh6, Farshad Teymoori2,7*, Hossein Farhadnejad1*, Parvin Mirmiran1  \n1 Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Disorders, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 2 Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 3 Department of Surgery, Rasool-E Akram Hospital School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 4 Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran, 5 Lung Transplantation Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 6 Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Molecular Biology, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 7 Nutritional Sciences Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran  \n* [hosein.farhadnejad@gmail.com](hosein.farhadnejad@gmail.com) (HF); [teymoori.f68@gmail.com](teymoori.f68@gmail.com) (FT)  \nAbstract  \nBackground  \nRecently, the association between dietary phytochemical index (DPI) and the risk of cancer has been the focus of researchers, however, this possible association has not been fully understood. The current meta-analysis aimed to assess the relationship between DPI and the risk of cancers.  \nMethods  \nA literature search by the main keywords such as “dietary phytochemical index”,“DPI”, and“cancer” was completed using Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science up to December 2024 and references of retrieved relevant articles. Observational studies examining the association between the DPI and the risk of cancers were included. The reported odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) for each study was converted into log OR, and their standard deviation was calculated. Then to compute the pooled OR, the randomeffects model with inverse variance weighting method was performed.  \nResults  \nNine case-control studies were included in the present meta-analysis. The sample size ranged from 120 to 851 with an age range from 18 to 75 years. The pooled results indicate an inverse association between DPI and the risk of all cancers (OR: 0.40; 95% CI:  \n0.29–0.54, I2 = 0.00%; P-value \u003C 0.001). Also, subgroup analysis indicated that higher a DPI score is related to the decreased risk of breast cancer (OR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.26–0.55,  \nCompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.  \nAbbreviations: BC, Breast cancer; BMI, Body mass index; CI, Confidence interval;DPI, Dietary phyt","cbCaigoWYhX7o1kr","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaigoWYhX7o1kr","pdf",824389,11,"English","# Abstract\n## Background\n## Methods\n## Results\n## Conclusions\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What was the main objective of the study?\",\"answer\":\"To assess the relationship between the dietary phytochemical index (DPI) and the risk of cancers using a systematic review and meta-analysis.\"},{\"question\":\"Which databases and study types were included?\",\"answer\":\"The review searched Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science up to December 2024 and included observational studies, specifically case-control studies reporting associations between DPI and cancer risk.\"},{\"question\":\"What did the pooled results show about DPI and cancer risk?\",\"answer\":\"Higher DPI scores were associated with decreased odds of all cancers (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.29–0.54). Subgroup analyses also indicated lower risk for breast cancer and for selected non-breast cancers.\"}]","Dietary phytochemical index and the risk of cancer - A systematic review and meta-analysis | PDF",1790159395,28]