[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-380182-105":59,"doc-detail-380182-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","dietary-manipulation-of-amino-acids-for-cancer-therapy-review","Dietary Manipulation of Amino Acids for Cancer Therapy - Review","","Cancer cells require sufficient levels of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids (AAs) to proliferate and survive. Genetic and metabolic alterations can impair cancer cells’ ability to obtain adequate AA levels in hostile metabolic environments, yet standard diets often supply AAs at stable concentrations and ratios. Temporarily switching patients to artificial diets with manipulated AA levels may limit cancer cell growth and survival. The review evaluates in vivo studies testing AA-restricted or AA-supplemented diets, alone and in combination, and summarizes recent findings showing improved survival in mice with metastatic cancers through simultaneous AA-level manipulation.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/dietary-manipulation-of-amino-acids-for-cancer-therapy-review/380182/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/dietary-manipulation-of-amino-acids-for-cancer-therapy-review/380182.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"\tCallum ","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-24","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why are amino acids critical for cancer cell survival and proliferation?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Cancer cells cannot proliferate and survive without sufficient levels of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids. These amino acids support biosynthetic and bioenergetic demands.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the review propose using dietary changes against cancer?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It proposes temporarily replacing normal diets with artificial diets in which specific amino acids are restricted or supplemented, potentially preventing cancer cells from proliferating and surviving.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What does the review say about the Warburg effect and its relevance to cancer therapy?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It explains the Warburg effect as aerobic glycolysis that produces both energy and building blocks. Targeting it is difficult because normal tissues also need glucose, but understanding the mechanism helps identify exploitable metabolic dependencies of cancer cells.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},380182,1790767549,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},137451211410,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/2000bb0a9246f588df?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1786362646172706240","nutrients   \nReview  \nDietary Manipulation of Amino Acids for Cancer Therapy Julio Jos² Jim²nez-Alonso  and Miguel Lâpez-L¡zaro *  \nCitation: Jiménez-Alonso, J.J.;  \nLópez-Lázaro, M. Dietary Manipulation of Amino Acids for Cancer Therapy. Nutrients 2023, 15, 2879. [https://doi.org/10.3390/](https://doi.org/10.3390/)[ ](https://doi.org/10.3390/)nu15132879  \nAcademic Editor: Elena Niccolai  \nReceived: 30 May 2023  \nRevised: 20 June 2023  \nAccepted: 22 June 2023  \nPublished: 25 June 2023  \nCopyright: © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \nDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; [jjalonso@us.es](jjalonso@us.es)  \n* Correspondence: mlopezlazaro@us.es; Tel.: +34-954-55-63-48  \nAbstract: Cancer cells cannot proliferate and survive unless they obtain sufficient levels of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids (AAs) . Unlike normal cells, cancer cells have genetic and metabolic alterations that may limit their capacity to obtain adequate levels of the 20 AAs in challenging metabolic environments. However, since normal diets provide all AAs at relatively constant levels and ratios, these potentially lethal genetic and metabolic defects are eventually harmless to cancer cells. If we temporarily replace the normal diet of cancer patients with artificial diets in which the levels of specific AAs are manipulated, cancer cells may be unable to proliferate and survive. This article reviews in vivo studies that have evaluated the antitumor activity of diets restricted in or supplemented with the 20 proteinogenic AAs, individually and in combination. It also reviews our recent studies that show that manipulating the levels of several AAs simultaneously can lead to marked survival improvements in mice with metastatic cancers.  \nKeywords: cancer metabolism; anticancer activity; artificial diets; in vivo; mice; essential amino acids; non-essential amino acids; restriction; leucine; methionine; cysteine; arginine; serine; glutamine; asparagine  \n1. Introduction  \nThe first metabolic alteration of cancer cells was discovered almost one century ago by the German biochemist Otto Warburg. He observed that, unlike normal cells, cancer cells convert high amounts of glucose into lactate in the presence of normal oxygen levels [1] . This alteration in glucose metabolism, known as aerobic glycolysis or the Warburg effect, is now widely used in diagnostic imaging to trace cancers and evaluate cancer treatment responses [2,3] . The clinical use of FDG-based PET imaging has continually shown that most primary and metastatic cancers have a significant increase in glucose uptake compared to normal tissues [2,3] .  \nOver many decades, the Warburg effect was considered to be an irrelevant oddity of cancer cells, probably because it was unknown why cancer cells used this primitive form of energy production when the availability of oxygen allows for a much more effective way of producing energy: oxidative phosphorylation. The explanation of the Warburg effect is simple when one realizes that glycolysis not only serves to produce energy, but also to produce building blocks to generate new cells [4] . Cancer cells have high glycolyticrates because the breakdown of glucose molecules generates the building blocks needed to produce many cellular components for the new cancer cells created during cell division. One cell cannot divide to produce two cells unless glucose is broken down into these building blocks. Since both glucose and oxygen are supplied together through the blood, cancer cells have no choice but to activate glycolysis in the presence of oxygen in order to proliferate. Since oxygen inhibits glycolysis (Pasteur","cbCaieHl246SV1Dh","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaieHl246SV1Dh","pdf",1719346,44,"English","# Introduction\n## Warburg effect and cancer metabolism\n## Targeting metabolic hallmarks for therapy\n## Altered amino acid metabolism in cancer","[{\"question\":\"Why are amino acids critical for cancer cell survival and proliferation?\",\"answer\":\"Cancer cells cannot proliferate and survive without sufficient levels of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids. These amino acids support biosynthetic and bioenergetic demands.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the review propose using dietary changes against cancer?\",\"answer\":\"It proposes temporarily replacing normal diets with artificial diets in which specific amino acids are restricted or supplemented, potentially preventing cancer cells from proliferating and surviving.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the review say about the Warburg effect and its relevance to cancer therapy?\",\"answer\":\"It explains the Warburg effect as aerobic glycolysis that produces both energy and building blocks. Targeting it is difficult because normal tissues also need glucose, but understanding the mechanism helps identify exploitable metabolic dependencies of cancer cells.\"}]","Dietary Manipulation of Amino Acids for Cancer Therapy - Review | PDF",1790239138,111]