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This retrospective cohort study assessed the clinical significance of CA-125, CA 19-9, CA 15-3, and CEA in 211 children (0–18 years) evaluated for suspected malignancy at a tertiary center. Elevated CA-125 correlated with malignancy, especially in postpubertal girls, and aligned with imaging abnormalities. ROC results showed modest discrimination (AUC 0.642), while other markers lacked significant associations.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/diagnostic-value-of-ca-125-and-other-tumor-biomarkers-in-children-with-suspected-malignancy-a-retrospective-cohort-study/465466/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/diagnostic-value-of-ca-125-and-other-tumor-biomarkers-in-children-with-suspected-malignancy-a-retrospective-cohort-study/465466.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Connor ","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-07","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What was the objective of the study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To evaluate the clinical significance and diagnostic performance of CA-125, CA 19-9, CA 15-3, and CEA in children assessed for suspected malignancy.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How many pediatric patients were included, and what age range?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The study included 211 pediatric patients aged 0–18 years referred to a tertiary pediatric oncology center.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which biomarker showed a significant association with malignancy?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Elevated CA-125 was significantly associated with malignancy, with a stronger association observed in postpubertal female patients.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},465466,1790974702,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},687207022233,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Article  \nDiagnostic Value of CA-125 and Other Tumor Biomarkers in Children with Suspected Malignancy: A Retrospective Cohort Study †  \n¸Sule Çalı¸skan Kamı¸s *, Metin Çil  and Begül Ya ˘gcı   \nAcademic Editor: Aw Tar-Choon  \nReceived: 20 November 2025  \nRevised: 15 December 2025  \nAccepted: 18 December 2025  \nPublished: 23 December 2025  \nCopyright: © 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.  \nDepartment of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Adana City Education and Research Hospital, Adana Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, 01370 Adana, Turkey  \n* Correspondence: [sulecaliskan87@yahoo.com](sulecaliskan87@yahoo.com); Tel.: +90-322-4559000  \n† This study was presented as a poster presentation (PP-14) at the XV Eurasian Hematology Oncology Congress, held on 28–30 May 2024 .  \nAbstract  \nBackground/Objective: Tumor biomarkers are widely used in adult oncology, but their diagnostic value in pediatric patients remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of CA-125, CA 19-9, CA 15-3, and CEA in children evaluated for suspected malignancy. Methods: This retrospective study included 211 pediatric patients (0–18 years) referred to a tertiary pediatric oncology center. Serum levels of the four biomarkers were analyzed in relation to patient demographics, imaging findings, and final diagnoses. Statistical analyses included chi-square, Mann–Whitney U, Kolmogorov– Smirnov tests, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: Of the 211 patients, 35 (16.6%) were diagnosed with malignancy. Elevated CA-125 was significantly associated with malignancy (p = 0.002), particularly among postpubertal female patients. Imaging abnormalities were more frequent in CA-125–positive cases (p \u003C 0.001) and in patients with confirmed malignancy. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that CA-125 had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.642, indicating modest discriminatory power. No significant associations were found for CA 19-9, CA 15-3, or CEA. Conclusions: CA-125 may serve as an adjunctive diagnostic biomarker in pediatric oncology, particularly in postpubertal girls and when interpreted alongside imaging findings. Other markers showed limited diagnostic value. Given its low sensitivity, CA-125 is not suitable as a standalone screening test in children. Larger, multicenter prospective studies are needed to establish pediatric-specific reference ranges and validate these findings.  \nKeywords: CA-125; pediatric oncology; tumor markers; ROC analysis; malignancy; CA 19-9; CEA  \n1. Introduction  \nTumor biomarkers are substances produced by tumor cells and/or released as part of the host response to cancer, and they are widely used in adult oncology for diagnostic, prognostic, and treatment-monitoring purposes [1,2] . Commonly used markers in adults, such as cancer antigen 125 (CA-125), cancer antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9), cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), play established roles in the detection and follow-up of malignancies including ovarian, colorectal, pancreatic, and breast cancers [1,3] . Childhood cancers account for approximately 1% of all malignancies worldwide, with leukemia, brain tumors, and lymphomas being the most frequently diagnosed entities [4,5] .  \nIn pediatric oncology, tumor biomarkers such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and urinary catecholamines are more frequently utilized because of their relative specificity for pediatric tumor types, including germ cell tumors and neuroblastoma [4,6] . In contrast, evidence supporting the diagnostic utility of adult-associated tumor biomarkers in children remains limited, and validated pediatric-specific reference intervals are largely lacking [6,7] .  \nCA-125 is best known for its association with ep","cbCaia9IlppoOZdC","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaia9IlppoOZdC","pdf",488264,11,"English","# Abstract\n## Background/Objective\n## Methods\n## Results\n## Conclusions\n# 1. Introduction\n# 2. Materials and Methods\n## 2.1. Study Design and Population\n## 2.2. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria","[{\"question\":\"What was the objective of the study?\",\"answer\":\"To evaluate the clinical significance and diagnostic performance of CA-125, CA 19-9, CA 15-3, and CEA in children assessed for suspected malignancy.\"},{\"question\":\"How many pediatric patients were included, and what age range?\",\"answer\":\"The study included 211 pediatric patients aged 0–18 years referred to a tertiary pediatric oncology center.\"},{\"question\":\"Which biomarker showed a significant association with malignancy?\",\"answer\":\"Elevated CA-125 was significantly associated with malignancy, with a stronger association observed in postpubertal female patients.\"}]","Diagnostic Value of CA-125 and Other Tumor Biomarkers in Children with Suspected Malignancy - A Retrospective Cohort Study | PDF",1790769662,28]