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Surgery is most effective when indicated, while radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and interventional therapy complement care for inoperable patients. Immunotherapy may be a future key strategy.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/diagnosis-and-treatment-of-primary-tracheobronchial-tumors/371452/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/diagnosis-and-treatment-of-primary-tracheobronchial-tumors/371452.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Jacob","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-24","2026-09-23",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",8,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"Why are primary tracheobronchial tumors often misdiagnosed early?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"They are rare and show nonspecific clinical symptoms, so early presentations are often mistaken for bronchial asthma or bronchitis.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"What diagnostic tools are most valuable for suspected PTBT?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Pulmonary function tests, chest radiography, computed tomography, and fiberoptic bronchoscopy are primary diagnostic methods, with computed tomography and fiberoptic bronchoscopy highlighted as most valuable.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"How are PTBTs treated, and what is the role of surgery?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"When patients have surgical indications, surgery is described as the most effective treatment. For inoperable patients, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and interventional therapy can serve as complementary treatments, and immunotherapy may be important in the future.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},371452,1790218672,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,110,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":111,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":107,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},962084931830,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","Cancer Medicine  \nREVIEW  OPEN ACCESS   \nDiagnosis and Treatment of Primary  \nTracheobronchial Tumors  \nChen Shu1,2  | Yu-jian Liu1,3 | Kai-fu Zheng1,4 | Xi-yang Tang1 | Meng-chao Li1 | Yang Shen1 | Yu-long Zhou1 | Wei-guang Du1 | Nan Ma5 | Jin-bo Zhao1   \n1Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China | 2Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The 902nd Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Bengbu, Anhui, China | 3Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Central Theater Command General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, Hubei, China | 4Department of General Surgery, The 991st Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Xiangyang, Hubei, China | 5Department of Ophthalmology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, China  \nCorrespondence: Nan Ma ([manan840808@163.com](manan840808@163.com)) | Jin-bo Zhao ([zhaojinbo@aliyun.com](zhaojinbo@aliyun.com))  \nReceived: 29 November 2024 | Revised: 20 March 2025 | Accepted: 7 April 2025  \nFunding: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82070101); the Certificate of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Grant (2024M754284); the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (2024AFB541) .  \nKeywords: diagnosis | immunotherapy | primary tracheobronchial tumors | surgical treatment | tracheal reconstruction  \nABSTRACT  \nBackground: Primary tracheobronchial tumors (PTBTs) are rare but life-threatening, accounting for approximately 0.2% of all respiratory neoplasms. Owing to their nonspecific clinical symptoms, PTBTs are often initially misdiagnosed as bronchial asthma or bronchitis in the early stages. In addition, standardized treatments for PTBTs are currently lacking.  \nAims: This study aimed to provide a comprehensive review of this diagnostic challenge and treatment modalities of PTBTs. Methods: Drawing on the latest literature and clinical guidelines, we carried out a comprehensive and systematic analysis of PTBTs, focusing on diagnostic modalities, and evidence-based treatment options.  \nResults and Conclusions: Primary diagnostic methods for PTBTs include pulmonary function tests, chest radiography, computed tomography, and fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Computed tomography, and fiberoptic bronchoscopy may be the most valuable diagnostic tools for patients with PTBTs or those highly suspected of having PTBTs. Currently, there are no consensus guidelines for PTBTs, and surgery is the most effective method for treating PTBTs if the patients have indications for surgery. In addition, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and interventional therapy may be useful complementary treatments for inoperable patients. Immunotherapy may be a significant management strategy for PTBTs in the future. Further researches should concentrate on both the early identification and enhanced therapeutic management of these tumors to improve survival and diminish morbidity and mortality rates by investigating the optimal design of systematic therapy.  \n\n| Abbreviations: 3D, third dimensional; ACC, adenoid cystic carcinoma; APC, argon plasma coagulation; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CT, computed tomography; CXR, chest radiography; EBUS-TBNA, endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration; EUS-FNA, endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration; FEV1, the forced expiratory volume in the first second; FEV1/FVC, the ratio of FEV1 to FVC; FiO2, fraction of inspired oxygen; FOB, fiberoptic bronchoscopy; FVC, the volume exhaled during the initial second of forced vital capacity; Gy, Gery; IT, interventional therapy; LRFS, local recurrence-free survival; OS, overall survival; PD-L1, programmed cell death-ligand 1; PDT, photodynamic therapy; PFTs, pulmonary function tests; PTBTs, primary tracheobronchial tumors; QUANTEC, quantitative analysis of normal tissue effects in the clinic; R","cbCaiiarJLwwkoj7","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiiarJLwwkoj7","pdf",652935,14,"English","# Abstract\n## Background\n## Aims\n## Methods\n## Results and Conclusions\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"Why are primary tracheobronchial tumors often misdiagnosed early?\",\"answer\":\"They are rare and show nonspecific clinical symptoms, so early presentations are often mistaken for bronchial asthma or bronchitis.\"},{\"question\":\"What diagnostic tools are most valuable for suspected PTBT?\",\"answer\":\"Pulmonary function tests, chest radiography, computed tomography, and fiberoptic bronchoscopy are primary diagnostic methods, with computed tomography and fiberoptic bronchoscopy highlighted as most valuable.\"},{\"question\":\"How are PTBTs treated, and what is the role of surgery?\",\"answer\":\"When patients have surgical indications, surgery is described as the most effective treatment. For inoperable patients, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and interventional therapy can serve as complementary treatments, and immunotherapy may be important in the future.\"}]","Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Tracheobronchial Tumors | PDF",1790192107,35]