[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-404143-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-404143-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","diabetes-pregnancy-pocket-guide-for-healthcare-professionals","Diabetes - Pregnancy Pocket Guide for Healthcare Professionals","","Concise pocket reference for healthcare professionals caring for pregnant people with diabetes, covering key definitions for DM1, DM2, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and pre-diabetes. Includes White classification criteria for diabetes in pregnancy, risk-based early screening guidance aligned with ACOG, and diagnostic criteria using ACOG’s two-step GCT then OGTT approach. Also outlines management-relevant testing considerations after bariatric surgery, thresholds for confirming GDM, and follow-up steps after one abnormal OGTT value.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/diabetes-pregnancy-pocket-guide-for-healthcare-professionals/404143/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/diabetes-pregnancy-pocket-guide-for-healthcare-professionals/404143.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Adam","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-27",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",17,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What distinguishes DM1, DM2, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"DM1 is characterized by absolute insulin deficiency due to absence of pancreatic beta cells and requires exogenous insulin. DM2 is associated with obesity and sedentary lifestyle, reflecting insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency. GDM is impaired glucose intolerance and insulin utilization during pregnancy.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"When does ACOG recommend early screening for GDM before 20 weeks?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Early pregnancy screening is recommended for overweight or obese pregnant women who also have one or more listed risk factors, such as physical inactivity, prior GDM, glycosuria, hypertension, PCOS, pre-diabetes (HgbA1c/IGT/IFG), or BMI ≥ 40.0 kg/m2.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"How is GDM diagnosed using the ACOG two-step approach?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"All pregnant patients undergo a 1-hour 50 gm glucose challenge test (GCT). If the GCT fails, proceed to a 3-hour 100 gm oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). GCT thresholds are used to decide next steps, and a GDM diagnosis requires at least two abnormal venous BG values on OGTT.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},404143,1790824773,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,110,115,120,123,127],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":126},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":128,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":130},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":132},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":133,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":107,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146,"preview_page_count":4},1374404737137,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","DIABETES & PREGNANCY POCKET GUIDE FOR HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS  \nThis pocket guide is a concise reference for healthcare professionals to use while caring for pregnant people with diabetes.  \nDEFINITIONS  \nDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a heterogenous set of metabolic diseases all characterized by impaired glucose utilization and resulting in hyperglycemia.  \nDM1:  \n▪ Accounts for ~ 5% of all diabetes  \n▪ Absence of pancreatic beta cells (autoimmune)  \n▪ ABSOLUTE deficiency of insulin  \n▪ Exogenous insulin required for survival/ DKA prevention  \nDM2:  \n▪ Accounts for 95% of all diabetes  \n▪ Associated with obesity and sedentary lifestyle  \n▪ Characterized by insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency  \n▪ Managed by diet and physical activity + oral agents or insulin  \n▪ Requires insulin for optimum control during pregnancy  \nGestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM): Impaired glucose intolerance and utilization of insulin during pregnancy. Complicates 7% of pregnancies.  \n▪ Accounts for ~ 90% of all diabetes in pregnancy  \n▪ Glucose intolerance first recognized during pregnancy  \n▪ Requires diet, scheduled physical activity ± oral agents/insulin for optimum control  \n▪ Risk factor for developing DM2 after pregnancy GDMA1: GDM controlled with meal plan and physical activity  \nGDMA2: GDM controlled with meal plan, physical activity, and oral agents or insulin  \nPRE-DIABETES: Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG) and/or Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT)  \n– non-pregnant:  \n▪ IFG: Fasting values that are >100 mg/dL and \u003C126 mg/dL  \n▪ IGT: Blood glucose (BG) values > 140 mg/dL and \u003C200 mg/dL after a 2-hr 75 gm glucose tolerance test  \nCopyright © 2023 , University of Cincinnati, Ohio. All rights reserved. 2  \n\n| White Classification for Pregnant Women with DM |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| CLASS | CRITERIA |\n| A1 | Gestational diabetes (GDM) not requiring insulin or oral agents |\n| A2 | Gestational diabetes requiring insulin or oral agents |\n| B | Onset at >20 years of age or duration of \u003C10 years |\n| C | Onset at 10 to 19 years of age or duration of 10 to 19 years.\u003Cbr>No vascular disease. |\n| D | Onset at \u003C10 years of age or duration of >20 years or, any onset/duration but with background retinopathy or hypertension only |\n| F | Nephropathy (>500 mg proteinuria per day at \u003C20 weeks of pregnancy) |\n| H | Arteriosclerotic heart disease, clinically evident |\n| R | Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (active) or vitreous hemorrhage |\n| R, F | Retinopathy, nephropathy |\n| T | History of renal transplant |\n\nWhite (1971)  \nEARLY SCREENING FOR GDM  \nIn accordance with ACOG, the policy at the UC Physicians OB/GYN, Division of MaternalFetal Medicine is to provide universal screening for GDM for all pregnant women. Early pregnancy screening is used for women who meet risk criteria. All other pregnant women receive GDM screening at 24-28 weeks or later if necessary.  \nEarly Pregnancy (\u003C20 weeks) Screening and Diagnosis for GDM:  \nACOG recommends considering early screening in all women who are overweight or obese and have one or more of the following risk factors.  \n\n| Physical inactivity | High risk race/ethnicity (African American, Latinx, Native American, Asian American, Pacific Islander) |\n| --- | --- |\n| History of prior GDM | 1st degree relative with DM (parents/siblings) |\n| Presence of glycosuria | History of prior ≥ 4000 gram fetus |\n| Hypertension | Hyperlipidemia (HDL \u003C 35, TG> 250) |\n| PCOS | Pre-diabetes (HgbA1c ≥ 5 .7, IGT or IFG) |\n| BMI ≥ 40.0 kg/m2 | History of cardiovascular disease |\n\nIf early GDM is diagnosed, obtain a Hemoglobin A1c to determine if suspicion for pregestational DM is high or low. If >6.3, obtain fetal echocardiogram at 22-26 weeks.  \nCopyright © 2023 , University of Cincinnati, Ohio. All rights reserved. 3  \nDIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA  \nDiagnosis of GDM:  \nScreening is completed for all pregnant patients by ACOG recommended two-step approach with a 1-hr 50 gm glucose challenge test (GCT) followed by a 3-hr 100 gm oral glucose toleranc","cbCaikoGlCiK5aLe","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikoGlCiK5aLe","pdf",466628,13,"English","# Definitions\n## DM1, DM2, GDM, Pre-diabetes\n# White Classification for Pregnant Women with DM\n# Early Screening for GDM\n## Risk factors for early (\u003C20 weeks) screening\n# Diagnostic Criteria\n## ACOG two-step GCT then OGTT approach\n## Bariatric surgery considerations\n## Interpretation of abnormal results\n# Psychosocial Assessment","[{\"question\":\"What distinguishes DM1, DM2, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)?\",\"answer\":\"DM1 is characterized by absolute insulin deficiency due to absence of pancreatic beta cells and requires exogenous insulin. DM2 is associated with obesity and sedentary lifestyle, reflecting insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency. GDM is impaired glucose intolerance and insulin utilization during pregnancy.\"},{\"question\":\"When does ACOG recommend early screening for GDM before 20 weeks?\",\"answer\":\"Early pregnancy screening is recommended for overweight or obese pregnant women who also have one or more listed risk factors, such as physical inactivity, prior GDM, glycosuria, hypertension, PCOS, pre-diabetes (HgbA1c/IGT/IFG), or BMI ≥ 40.0 kg/m2.\"},{\"question\":\"How is GDM diagnosed using the ACOG two-step approach?\",\"answer\":\"All pregnant patients undergo a 1-hour 50 gm glucose challenge test (GCT). If the GCT fails, proceed to a 3-hour 100 gm oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). GCT thresholds are used to decide next steps, and a GDM diagnosis requires at least two abnormal venous BG values on OGTT.\"}]","Diabetes - Pregnancy Pocket Guide for Healthcare Professionals | PDF",1790546037,33]