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The project surveyed state DOT practices, then designed full-scale experiments to quantify lateral-load behavior of representative connections under repeated loading and compare rebar- and mechanical-anchorage systems.",{"@graph":14,"@context":72},[15,34,55],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & 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pipe piles considered for ALDOT bridge substructures?","Question",{"text":62,"@type":63},"Steel pipe piles offer high force and moment capacity while enabling more efficient construction compared with traditional H-piles and drilled shafts.","Answer",{"name":65,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":66},"What problem did the report address regarding pipe pile-to-bent cap connections?",{"text":67,"@type":63},"Existing guidance is limited and state DOT practices vary widely in embedment length, connection detailing, and assumed fixity.",{"name":69,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":70},"How were the connection configurations evaluated in the experimental program?",{"text":71,"@type":63},"Five full-scale connection configurations were tested under repeated lateral loading using three rebar-based systems with shallow embedment (about 1 ft) and two mechanical anchorage systems with deeper embedment (about 2–3 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\nSubmitted to  \nThe Alabama Department of Transportation  \nPrepared by  \nLevent Isbiliroglu  \nMaria Emilia Clavijo Calderon  \nKadir C. Sener  \nRobert W. Barnes  \nMARCH 2026  \n| 1. Report No.\u003Cbr>931-100 |  | 2. Government Accession No. | 3. Recipient Catalog No. |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 4. Title and Subtitle\u003Cbr>Development of Pipe Pile to Bent Cap Connection for ALDOT Bridges |  |  | 5. Report Date\u003Cbr>March 2026 |  |  |\n|  |  |  | 6. Performing Organization Code |  |  |\n| 7. Author(s)\u003Cbr>L. Isbiliroglu , M. E.C. Calderon, K. C. Sener, and R. W. Barnes |  |  | 8. Performing Organization Report No. 931-100 |  |  |\n| 9. Performing Organization Name and Address\u003Cbr>Highway Research Center\u003Cbr>Department of Civil Engineering\u003Cbr>238 Harbert Engineering Center\u003Cbr>Auburn, AL 36849 |  |  | 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) |  |  |\n|  |  |  | 11. Contract or Grant No. |  |  |\n| 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address\u003Cbr>Alabama Department of Transportation\u003Cbr>1409 Coliseum Boulevard\u003Cbr>Montgomery, Alabama 36130-3050 |  |  | 13. Type of Report and Period Covered\u003Cbr>Technical Report |  |  |\n|  |  |  | 14. Sponsoring Agency Code |  |  |\n| 15. Supplementary Notes\u003Cbr>Project performed in cooperation with the Alabama Department of Transportation. |  |  |  |  |  |\n| 16. Abstract\u003Cbr>Steel pipe piles are a promising alternative to traditional H-piles and drilled shafts for ALDOT bridge substructures because they can achieve high force and moment capacity and enable more efficient construction. However, current guidance on steel pipe pile–to–reinforced concrete bent cap connections is limited, and practices among state DOTs vary widely in embedment length, connection detailing, and assumed fixity. This project was undertaken to develop and evaluate practical, code-compliant connection details that can support consistent design assumptions and potential standardization. An extensive survey of state DOTs regarding their steel pipe pile use and pipe pile–to–bent cap connection detailing practices was first conducted. Based on the survey results, an experimental program was designed to quantify the lateral-load behavior of large-diameter steel pipe pile–to– bent cap connections representative of common DOT practices. Five full-scale connection configurations were tested under repeated lateral loading with three rebar-based systems (headed, hooked, and straight bars) utilizing shallow embedment of 1 ft, and two mechanical anchorage systems (headed stud and annular ring) utilizing deeper embedments of 2–3 ft. For the rebar-based configurations, concrete plug depth was governed by reinforcement development/anchorage demands, while the mechanical anchorage configurations were evaluated with reduced plug depths. All configurations sustained the maximum applied loads without failure; all tests were terminated due to equipment limits rather than specimen capacity. The mechanical anchorage systems exhibited higher stiffness than the shallow rebar systems by about 2 times. The rebar-based systems exceeded their calculated nominal flexural strengths by at least 1.8 times. Embedment lengths on the order of one-third of the pile diameter provided a reasonable moment transfer, indicating that idealized “pinned” assumptions may not be applicable for hollow pipe piles. This report provides comparative experimental data and an implementation appendix (Appendix C) that supports selection and detailing of steel pipe pile–to–bent cap connections for ALDOT bridges. The findings further establish a foundation for future research to refine and optimize the design methodology of favorable connection configurations and further extend the methodology to pile-cap connections. |  |  |  |  |  |\n| 17. Key Words\u003Cbr>Steel pipe pile, bent cap, concrete plug, connection stiffness, rebar, stud, ring |  |  |  | 18. Distribution Statement\u003Cbr>No restrictions. |  |\n","cbCailFmVQ2msLZr","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailFmVQ2msLZr","pdf",9258736,129,"English","# Report overview\n## Purpose and motivation\n## Survey of state DOT practices\n## Experimental program and specimens\n## Key findings\n# Implementation support\n## Comparative experimental data\n## Appendix C","[{\"question\":\"Why were steel pipe piles considered for ALDOT bridge substructures?\",\"answer\":\"Steel pipe piles offer high force and moment capacity while enabling more efficient construction compared with traditional H-piles and drilled shafts.\"},{\"question\":\"What problem did the report address regarding pipe pile-to-bent cap connections?\",\"answer\":\"Existing guidance is limited and state DOT practices vary widely in embedment length, connection detailing, and assumed fixity.\"},{\"question\":\"How were the connection configurations evaluated in the experimental program?\",\"answer\":\"Five full-scale connection configurations were tested under repeated lateral loading using three rebar-based systems with shallow embedment (about 1 ft) and two mechanical anchorage systems with deeper embedment (about 2–3 ft).\"}]","Development of Pipe Pile to Bent Cap Connection for ALDOT Bridges - March 2026 | PDF",325]