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This study constructs, calibrates, and validates a set of items forming a measure of students’ family economic status. 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Rural communities also tend to be relatively economically homogeneous, making measurement more challenging.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What does the study develop and how is it validated?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The study constructs, calibrates, and validates a set of items to form a proxy measure of students’ families’ economic status in rural Vietnam using item response modeling.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Why use Rasch analysis instead of factor analysis?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Rasch analysis is used to build a variable from a dominant data dimension, whereas factor analysis can produce misleading or illusory factors, and it may be unclear whether factors reflect true dimensions or slices of a shared dimension.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},592118,1792735423,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":81,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},7971474921005,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","Asia Pacific Education Review Copyright 2007 by Education Research Institute  \n2007, Vol. 8, No.2, 205-215.  \nDevelopment of a Scale to Measure Economic Status of  \nStudents in Rural Vietnam  \nNguyen Thi Kim Cuc Patrick Griffin  \nThe University of Melbourne  \nAustralia  \nFamily economic status is generally considered to be an important factor associated with students’educational outcomes. However, to evaluate the strength of this contention, it is important to first have appropriate measures of family economic status. Measuring the economic status of Vietnamese people has been particularly difficult as the respondents have not been able to report accurately on their income. This has been compounded in rural populations, because of the relative economic homogeneity of communities. This study constructed, calibrated  \nand validated a set of items to form a measure of economic status of students’ families in rural Vietnam.  \nKey words: Construct, economic status, Rasch modelling, Vietnam  \nBackground  \nEconomic status is a theoretical concept that is not directly measurable (Bollen, Glanville, & Stecklov, 2001, 2002) . Traditionally, income and expenditure over a specific time period were often used as proxy measures of economic status. However, Friedman’s (1957) conceptualisation of economic status as both permanent income and transitory income has led to a rejection of the use of current annual income or expenditure as misleading, especially in situation where incomes fluctuate. Behrman and Deolailikar (1990) proposed an alternative approach to overcome this deficiency by measuring average income over several years. For many situations, however, this longitudinal approach is prohibitively expensive and time-consuming. In general, expenditures or consumption are considered to be less variable measures than income and more reflective of  \nNguyen Thi Kim Cuc and Patrick Griffin, Assessment Research Centre, The University of Melbourne, Australia.  \nCorrespondence concerning this article should be addressed to Nguyen, Thi Kim Cuc, Research Fellow, Assessment Research Centre, Faculty of Education, The University of Melbourne, Room G.13, Ground Floor, 234, Queensberry Street, Carlton VIC 3053, Australia. e-mail: [cuc@unimelb.edu.au](cuc@unimelb.edu.au)  \neconomic status across the longer term. Thus, annual household expenditures or consumption may provide a useful proxy of permanent economic status (Deaton, 1992 cited in Bollen et al., 2001, 2002; Friedman, 1957) .  \nIn developing countries, income data are often inaccurate, unreliable and difficult to gather (Hentschel & Lanjouw, 1996; Montgomery, Gragnolati, Burke, & Paredes, 2000) . Expenditure measures appear to have advantages over income measures, as the former are considered more straightforward and reliable. However, the accurate measurement of consumption expenditure is also a costly undertaking (Montgomery et al., 2000) and not necessarily reliable (Nguyen & Griffin, 2004) . Rather than employing the conventional methods of measuring households’ economic status through income or consumption expenditures, an alternative way of measuring family economic status may be through surveys of household ownership of consumer goods. This strategy was proposed and employed in international projects such as the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS)(Filmer & Pritchett, 1998a, 1998b, 1999, 2001), the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) (UNICEF, 2004), and Primary School Monitoring (Griffin & Tran, 2000) . The use of information about household consumer durables was supported by Bollen et al. (2002) as an appropriate and highly  \nNguyen Thi Kim Cuc, Patrick Griffin  \nrecommended method. Further, Bollen et al. (2002) demonstrated that, among many methods of proxying for economic status, two were most common: a sum of the goods owned by the household and a principal components score (Filmer & Pritchett, 1998a) . However, these two methods did not f","cbCaig1SrbSvyufC","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaig1SrbSvyufC","pdf",220317,11,"English","# Background\n## Economic status measurement challenges in rural Vietnam\n# The Measurement Model\n## Rasch logistic response model\n## Operationalizing the target variable\n## Limits of factor analysis","[{\"question\":\"Why is measuring economic status difficult in rural Vietnam?\",\"answer\":\"Income information is often inaccurate and unreliable because respondents cannot report income accurately. Rural communities also tend to be relatively economically homogeneous, making measurement more challenging.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the study develop and how is it validated?\",\"answer\":\"The study constructs, calibrates, and validates a set of items to form a proxy measure of students’ families’ economic status in rural Vietnam using item response modeling.\"},{\"question\":\"Why use Rasch analysis instead of factor analysis?\",\"answer\":\"Rasch analysis is used to build a variable from a dominant data dimension, whereas factor analysis can produce misleading or illusory factors, and it may be unclear whether factors reflect true dimensions or slices of a shared dimension.\"}]","Development of a Scale to Measure Economic Status of Students in Rural Vietnam | PDF",1792073897,28]