[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-148872-en":3,"doc-seo-148872-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},148872,1099514067415,"Rowan","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/100002539d78ffe74a7?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1779092875211072502",7,"Healthcare","Development of a non-invasive genosensor to diagnose pancreatic cancer using miRNA-196a","This study develops a non-invasive diagnostic device for pancreatic cancer by targeting the circulating biomarker miRNA-196a, valued for its stability in biological fluids. An electrochemical genosensor is built using immobilized single-stranded DNA conjugated with gold nanoparticles to enable sensitive detection of miRNA-196a. Probe DNA–miRNA hybridization is assessed at 55 °C with cyclic voltammetry and chronocoulometry, yielding strong sensitivity and a wide linear range from 14.9 aM to 14.9 nM, supporting early-stage diagnosis.","J. Electrochem. Sci. Eng. 15(6) (2025) 2807; [http://dx.doi.org/10.5599/jese.2807](http://dx.doi.org/10.5599/jese.2807)  \nOpen Access : : ISSN 1847-9286  \n[https://pub.iapchem.org/ojs/index.php/JESE](https://pub.iapchem.org/ojs/index.php/JESE)  \nOriginal scientific paper  \nDevelopment of a non-invasive genosensor to diagnose pancreatic cancer using miRNA-196a  \nNamita Sharma and Sudha Srivastava􀀍  \nDepartment of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector-62, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India  \nCorresponding author: 􀀍[sudha.srivastava@jiit.ac.in](sudha.srivastava@jiit.ac.in); Tel.: +911202594212; Fax: +911202400986  \nReceived: May 16, 2025; Accepted: September 8, 2025; Published: September 15, 2025  \nAbstract  \nThis work presents the development of a diagnostic device for pancreatic cancer, one of the deadliest malignancies worldwide. The circulating pancreatic cancer biomarker miRNA- 196a was utilized for the development of an electrochemical genosensor due to its stability in biological fluids. Immobilized single-stranded DNA conjugated with gold nanoparticles establishes a sensitive platform for the electrochemical detection of miRNA-196a. The sensor performance was evaluated for probe DNA-miRNA hybridization at optimum temperature (55 °C) using cyclic voltammetry and chronocoulometric techniques, achieving sensitivities of 51.10 µA pg-1 mL cm-2 and 18.28 µC pg-1 mL cm-2, respectively. The device exhibited a wide linear detection range of miRNA-196a from 14.9 aM to 14.9 nM. To the best of our knowledge, for already developed PDAC biosensors using a single biomarker ora panel of biomarkers, the widest detection range for miRNA-196a was reported as 0.05 fM [to 50 pM by Guo et al. in 2018. Hence](to 50 pM by Guo et al. in 2018. Hence), the developed genosensor, having a detection limit of 14.9 aM and a wide detection range, may prove to be a promising tool in detecting pancreatic cancer at an early stage, and hence improve patient outcomes.  \nKeywords  \nDNA biosensor; gold nanoparticles; hybridization; cyclic voltammetry; chronocoulometry; limit of detection  \nIntroduction  \nMicro ribonucleic acid (miRNA) is a small, highly conserved, and non-coding RNA with 18 to 25 nucleotides, responsible for the regulation of several cellular functions. Their importance in cancer was highlighted in 2002 when Dr. Croce’s group [1] demonstrated the involvement of miRNA in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) . They confirmed that during B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL), miR-15 and miR-16 were downregulated due to the deletion of the 13q14 region of the chromosome, where both miRNAs were located [1] . Several studies also exhibited miRNA's role in the inhibition of tumour suppressor genes and genes that induce apoptosis during cancer [2,3] . The expression levels of miRNAs during cancer could be utilized for diagnostic, as well as prognostic,  \ndisease-related miRNA biomarkers [4] . Body fluids such as blood, saliva, urine, tears, peritoneal fluid, colostrum, etc., with circulating miRNAs are considered useful biomarkers due to their stability and easy accessibility [2] .  \nThe expression level of miRNA-196a can discriminate between normal, chronic pancreatitis, benign pancreatic tumours, and pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) [5,6] . It was also reported that its expression levels are significantly higher in unresectable pancreatic cancer in stages III and IV compared to resectable instances in early stages I and II [7] . When compared to healthy individuals during the early stages of PDAC/pancreatic cancer, the plasma level was also found to be higher [8] . Besides this, miRNA-196a also regulates the genes responsible for its growth, invasion, and metastasis [2] .  \nmiR-196a has also been found to be upregulated in other cancers like gastric cancer [9], non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) [10], cervical cancer [11], breast cancer [12], liver cancer [13], esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) [14], colorecta","cbCaipRMcwarBe7W","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipRMcwarBe7W","pdf",1010201,1,11,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n## Biological role of miRNA and miRNA biomarkers\n## miRNA-196a in pancreatic cancer\n## Current diagnostic methods and motivation for electrochemical biosensors","[{\"question\":\"What biomarker does the genosensor use for pancreatic cancer detection?\",\"answer\":\"The genosensor uses the circulating biomarker miRNA-196a for electrochemical detection.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the sensor detect miRNA-196a?\",\"answer\":\"It relies on hybridization between target miRNA-196a in the sample and a complementary immobilized single-stranded DNA probe conjugated with gold nanoparticles.\"},{\"question\":\"What electrochemical methods and conditions were used to evaluate sensor performance?\",\"answer\":\"Sensor performance was evaluated at 55 °C using cyclic voltammetry and chronocoulometric techniques to measure the hybridization response.\"}]","Development of a non-invasive genosensor to diagnose pancreatic cancer using miRNA-196a | 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biomarker does the genosensor use for pancreatic cancer detection?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"The genosensor uses the circulating biomarker miRNA-196a for electrochemical detection.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"How does the sensor detect miRNA-196a?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"It relies on hybridization between target miRNA-196a in the sample and a complementary immobilized single-stranded DNA probe conjugated with gold nanoparticles.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"What electrochemical methods and conditions were used to evaluate sensor performance?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"Sensor performance was evaluated at 55 °C using cyclic voltammetry and chronocoulometric techniques to measure the hybridization 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