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Stress fields under axial compression loads were examined for symmetric stacking sequences and multiple hole sizes. Verification relied on displacement and stress-field comparisons with accepted trends from prior free-edge studies and a complete three-dimensional solution. The study also assessed computational savings versus full three-dimensional formulation.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/development-and-verification-of-globallocal-analysis-techniques-for-laminated-composites/182194/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/development-and-verification-of-globallocal-analysis-techniques-for-laminated-composites/182194.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Ophelia","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-02","2026-09-02",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",14,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What global/local method was developed and what problem was it applied to?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"A two-dimensional to three-dimensional global/local finite element approach was developed and applied to a laminated composite plate with a central circular hole.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How were stress fields validated in the study?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Validation compared displacements and stress fields from the global/local analyses with accepted trends from earlier free-edge investigations and with a complete three-dimensional finite element solution.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What laminate types and hole sizes were considered under axial compression?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The study examined symmetric cross-ply, angle-ply, and quasi-isotropic stacking sequences, using hole diameters of one, three, and six inches.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},182194,1788347562,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":130,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},7971461741311,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/74000253aff267980c6?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1779345379180704826","College of Engineering  \nVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburg,Virginia 24061  \nJune 1991  \nVPI-E-91-12  \nDevelopment and Verification of Global|LocalAnalysis Techniques for Laminated Composites  \nDanniella Muheim Thompson'O.Hayden Griffin.Jr.²  \n一  \np222  \nDepartment of Engincering Science and Mcchanics  \nNASA(Grant NAG1-675  \nInterim ReportJanuary 1,1990 to December 31,1990  \nPrepared for:  \nComputational Mechanics Branch  \nNational Acronautics and Space AdministrationLangley Research CenterHampton,Virginia 23665-5225  \nAbstract  \nA two-dimensional to thrce-dimensional global/local finite clement approach was developed,veri-fied,and applied to a laminated composite plate of finite width and length containing a centralcircular hole.The resulting stress ficlds for axial compression loads were examincd in detail forseveral symmetric stacking sequences and hole sizes.Verification was hased on comparison of thcdisplacements and the stress fields with those accepted trends from previous frce cdge investigationsand a complete three-dimensional finite clement solution of the plate.Hole diamcters of one,three,and six inches in plates 18 inches long,12 inches wide,and 0.1 inches thick were considered.Thelaminates in the compression study included symmetric cross-ply,anglc-ply and quasi-isotropicstacking sequences.The entire plate was selected as the global model and analyzed with two-dimensional finite elements.Displacements along a region identified as the global/local interfaccwere applied in a kinematically consistent fashion to independcnt three-dimensional local modelsLocal areas of interest in the plate included a portion of the straight frce edge near the hole,andthe immediate area around the hole.  \nIt was found that the global/local interface should not he placed inside or through any region wherethe stress field exhibits three-dimensional cffects.Interlaminar stress results obtained rom theglobal/local analyses compared well with previously reported trends,and some new conclusionsabout interlaminar stress fields in plates with different laminate orientations and holc sizes are pre-sented for compressive loading.The effectiveness of the global/local procedure in reducing thecomputational effort required to solve these problems is clearly demonstrated through examinationof the computer time required to formulate and solve the linear,static system of equations which  \n# Abstract\n\nresult for the global and local analyses to those required for a complete three-dimensional formu-  \nlation for a cross-ply laminate.  \nThe Testbed,which is under continuing development by the Compiutational Structural MechanicsGroup,now the Computational Mechanics Branch,was used throughout this investigation.Specific processors used during the analyses are described in gencral terms herein.The applicationof this global/local technique is not limited to this software system,and was devceloped and de-scribed in as general a manner as possible.The methodokogy developed is thus applicable to otherlarge-scale structural analysis systems.  \nAcknowledgements  \nThe authors would like to thank the the Computational Structural Mechanics Group,now theComputational Mechanics Branch,at the NASA-Langley Research Center for their technical as-sistance and support through NAG1-675.  \nTable of Contents  \n1.0 Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………………………1  \n2.0 Literature Review - Global/Local Analysis …………………………………………………………………………………4  \n3.0 Common Features of the Global/Local Finite Element Analysis Techniques …………………11  \n3.1 Assumptions and Limitations of the Global/Local Procedure …………………………………………………11  \n3.2 Finite Element Software System ………………………………………………………………………………………………………14  \n3.3 Global Model Generation …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………18  \n3.4 Local Model Generation ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………22  \n3.5 Solution Procedure ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………24  \n3.6 Post-processing of Displac","cbCaibVv37qT4JIP","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaibVv37qT4JIP","pdf",7734663,222,"English","# Introduction\n## Literature Review - Global/Local Analysis\n## Common Features of the Global/Local Finite Element Analysis Techniques\n## Cross-ply Laminates Under Compression\n## Angle-ply and Quasi-isotropic Laminates Under Compression\n## Conclusions-Global/Local Analysis\n## References","[{\"question\":\"What global/local method was developed and what problem was it applied to?\",\"answer\":\"A two-dimensional to three-dimensional global/local finite element approach was developed and applied to a laminated composite plate with a central circular hole.\"},{\"question\":\"How were stress fields validated in the study?\",\"answer\":\"Validation compared displacements and stress fields from the global/local analyses with accepted trends from earlier free-edge investigations and with a complete three-dimensional finite element solution.\"},{\"question\":\"What laminate types and hole sizes were considered under axial compression?\",\"answer\":\"The study examined symmetric cross-ply, angle-ply, and quasi-isotropic stacking sequences, using hole diameters of one, three, and six inches.\"}]","Development and Verification of Global/Local Analysis Techniques for Laminated Composites | PDF",559]