[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-160274-en":3,"doc-seo-160274-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},160274,24189269381491,"Bill Black","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/160000cf11732dd8392?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1788146458752108895",8,"Research & Report","Development and Validation of the Lifelong Artificial Intelligence Ethical Awareness Scale","Development and validation of the Lifelong Artificial Intelligence Ethical Awareness Scale focuses on measuring individuals’ ethical awareness toward artificial intelligence technologies within lifelong learning. A methodological design includes item pool generation, expert review, pilot testing, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, and reliability-validity evaluations. Online data from two independent samples refine a 60-item pool to 26 items and establish a five-factor structure with strong fit, high reliability, and supported convergent, discriminant, and criterion validity.","Journal of Teacher Education and Lifelong Learning (TELL)  \nISSN: 2687-5713  \nDevelopment and Validation of the Lifelong Artificial Intelligence Ethical Awareness Scale  \nVeysel Bilal Arslankara  \nDr. ◆ Turkish Ministry of National Education ◆ Sakarya/Türkiye ◆ [vbilalarslankara@gmail.com](vbilalarslankara@gmail.com)  \nErtuğrul Usta  \nProf. Dr. ◆ Necmettin Erbakan University ◆ Konya/Türkiye ◆ [ertugrulusta@gmail.com](ertugrulusta@gmail.com)  \n\n| Article Information |  | ABSTRACT |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Received:\u003Cbr>30.10.2025\u003Cbr>Accepted:\u003Cbr>23.12.2025\u003Cbr>Published:\u003Cbr>31.12.2025 |  | This study aimed to develop and validate the Lifelong Artificial Intelligence Ethical Awareness Scale, designed to measure individuals’ ethical awareness toward artificial intelligence (AI) technologies within the framework of lifelong learning. The research followed a methodological design, including item pool generation, expert evaluation, pilot testing, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, and reliability-validity assessments. Data were collected online from two independent samples: a pilot group of 200 participants for Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and a confirmatory group of 472 participants for Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) . The initial 60-item pool was refined to a 26-item final form after excluding low-loading and cross-loading items. EFA results revealed a five-factor structure: Awareness, Value/Attitude, Behavioral Intention, Critical Evaluation, and Lifelong Learning/Adaptation explaining 82 .4% of the total variance (KMO = .931, Bartlett’s χ²(1770) = 6214. 54, p \u003C . 001) . CFA results confirmed the model’s adequacy with excellent fit indices (χ²/df = 2.47, CFI = .962, TLI =.953, RMSEA = .049, SRMR = .041) . Reliability coefficients were high across all dimensions (Cronbach’s α ≥ .86), and validity analyses supported the convergent, discriminant, and criterion validity of the scale (AVE = .65-.72, HTMT \u003C .85). The test-retest reliability over a three-week interval yielded r = .89 (p \u003C .001) . The findings indicate that LAIEAS is a psychometrically sound and theoretically grounded instrument for assessing individuals’ ethical awareness, values, and behaviors concerning AI technologies. The scale highlights that ethical awareness is not a static trait but a dynamic and lifelong competency integrating cognitive, affective, and behavioral components. Therefore, LAIEAS provides a valid and reliable tool for educational, institutional, and policy contexts to evaluate and promote ethical consciousness in the age of artificial intelligence.\u003Cbr>Keywords: lifelong learning, artificial intelligence, ethical awareness, scale development. |\n| doi: 10.51535/tell.1813310 |  | Article Type: Research Article |\n| Citation Information: Arslankara, V. B., & Usta, E. (2025). Development and validation of the lifelong artificial intelligence ethical awareness\u003Cbr>scale. Journal of Teacher Education and Lifelong Learning, 7(2), 319-329. [https://doi.org/10.51535/tell.1813310](https://doi.org/10.51535/tell.1813310) |  |  |\n| | This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) . |  |\n\n1. INTRODUCTION  \nThe deep integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies into learning, decision-making, and daily life processes has brought individuals’ ethical sensitivity to the forefront (Floridi & Cowls, 2019; Jobin, Ienca, & Vayena, 2019). The literature frequently highlights that AI systems entail ethical risks such as data-driven biases, privacy violations, transparency problems, and accountability gaps (Boddington, 2017; Mittelstadt et al., 2016) . Therefore, the ability of individuals to evaluate the outcomes of AI applications, recognize ethical dilemmas, and develop responsible usage behaviors has become a critical competency for modern societies (Hagendorff, 2020) .  \nIn educational settings, AI-based decision-support systems, personalized learning algorithms, and assessm","cbCaioqZZHDbTSv1","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaioqZZHDbTSv1","pdf",591004,1,13,"English","en",105,"# Abstract\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What is the purpose of the Lifelong Artificial Intelligence Ethical Awareness Scale?\",\"answer\":\"It measures individuals’ ethical awareness toward AI technologies in the context of lifelong learning, covering ethical values and behaviors.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the scale developed and validated?\",\"answer\":\"The study generated an item pool, conducted expert evaluation and pilot testing, then applied exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and multiple reliability-validity tests.\"},{\"question\":\"What structure and psychometric quality did the final scale show?\",\"answer\":\"The refined 26-item version produced a five-factor structure and demonstrated strong model fit, high reliability (Cronbach’s alpha ≥ .86), and supported convergent, discriminant, and criterion validity.\"}]","Development and Validation of the Lifelong Artificial Intelligence Ethical Awareness Scale | 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