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The development and validation process involves 161 science students as participants. Content validity was evaluated using a content validity index (CVI), yielding 0.949, and reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s Alpha with a value of 0.955. Item difficulty was in the medium level, while discrimination was in the high level.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/development-and-validation-of-reasoning-based-multiple-choice-test-for-measuring-the-mastery-of-chemistry-thermochemistry/507236/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/development-and-validation-of-reasoning-based-multiple-choice-test-for-measuring-the-mastery-of-chemistry-thermochemistry/507236.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Riley","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-11","2026-10-05",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What is the purpose of the study?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"To develop and validate a valid and reliable reasoning-based multiple-choice test for measuring students’ mastery of thermochemistry.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How many students participated in the development and validation process?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"The study involved 161 science students as participants.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What validity and reliability results were reported?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The content validity index (CVI) was 0.949, and reliability measured by Cronbach’s Alpha was 0.955.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},507236,1791335772,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146,"preview_page_count":4},1374391975076,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/14000253ca4ec9f6853?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1783305029341752051","DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF REASONING-BASED MULTIPLE CHOICE TEST FOR MEASURING THE MASTERY OF CHEMISTRY  \nNAHADI* , HARRY FIRMAN, MIFTAHUL ULUM  \nDepartemen Pendidikan Kimia, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Dr. Setiabudi no 229, Bandung 40154, Indonesia  \n*[Corresponding Author: nahadi@upi.edu](Corresponding Author: nahadi@upi.edu)  \nAbstract  \nThis study was carried out to develop a valid and reliable reasoning-based multiple-choice test on thermochemistry topic. Development and validation method was applied. This study involved 161 science students as the participants.  \nThe results showed that the test developing content validity index (CVI) has a value of 0.949 and reliability with Cronbach Alpha value of 0.955, difficulty index in the medium level and discrimination index in the high level. The results of this research clearly show that 28 items of reasoning-based multiple-choice test developed in this research meet the criteria as a valid test to measure students’reasoning that can be used as school summative and final tests. The data obtained through the interview provide reinforcement that the developed test instrument is feasible to use in both summative chemistry tests and school final examinations.  \nKeywords: Chemistry, Development, Reasoning-based multiple-choice test, Validation  \n1. Introduction  \nLogical reasoning skills are essential for student mastery in many concepts where more complex problem solving strategies are required to succeed in science [1, 2] . The logical reasoning has significant impact on their students’ improvement in skills associated with socio-scientific reasoning and scientific creativity [1] . Improvements in the structure and complexity of students' arguments, the degree of rational informal reasoning, and students' conceptual understanding of science can occur [2-5] .  \nAssessment of learning outcomes is used to monitor student learning development and outcomes, as well as to diagnose student needs for some ongoing  \nlearning improvement [6, 7] . Assessment is a process of collecting, analyzing, and making conclusion about the obtained information in order to make a decision. Oneof the assessments which is annually administered nationally by the government of Indonesia is national exit examination. The purpose of national exit examination is to measure the student learning achievements and outcomes, by requiring students to pass the exams. For the international scale, Indonesia has joined in TIMSS (Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study) . The framework consists of three cognitive domains, which are used as the criteria of measurement, including knowing, applying, and reasoning [8] . Assessment is also carried out in the area of practical sciences, which are related to the school activities in order todo a research study on a particular problem or issue. All the domains stated previously include some cognitive levels, starting from the low to the moderate level of domain (C1, C2, and C3) and continued from the moderate to the upper level of cognition (C4, C5, C6) . Used in the practice of multiple choice test development, which requires reasoning skills; the student understanding can be measured in depth.  \nAll this time, the practice of assessments in schools, including the national exit examinations, is commonly in the form of multiple choice test and paper and pencil test. This method is considered as the form of multiple choice test which is mostly applied in the process of assessment [9] . Multiple choice test is considered as a form of assessment method which has high objectivity level, helps students to answer the tests, is more effective and efficient in the process of assessment, promotes some ease in rating or scoring the student test results based on a certain rubrics, and provides more complete and detailed results which can be calculated by using statistical calculation [10, 11] . Because of the benefits, multiple choice test is considered as the for","cbCaiu2EuyC6e2Re","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiu2EuyC6e2Re","pdf",698551,13,"English","# Introduction\n## Assessment and multiple-choice testing in science education\n## Limitations of multiple-choice tests and rationale for reasoning-based items\n## Thermochemistry learning challenges and misconceptions\n## High-order thinking assessment background","[{\"question\":\"What is the purpose of the study?\",\"answer\":\"To develop and validate a valid and reliable reasoning-based multiple-choice test for measuring students’ mastery of thermochemistry.\"},{\"question\":\"How many students participated in the development and validation process?\",\"answer\":\"The study involved 161 science students as participants.\"},{\"question\":\"What validity and reliability results were reported?\",\"answer\":\"The content validity index (CVI) was 0.949, and reliability measured by Cronbach’s Alpha was 0.955.\"}]","Development and Validation of Reasoning-Based Multiple Choice Test for Measuring the Mastery of Chemistry - Thermochemistry | PDF",1791174998,33]