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This study introduces a salutogenic approach, proposing a multidimensional scale intended to quantify health potential rather than the lack of illness. Using surveys of two university student samples, the Salutogenic Wellness Promotion Scale (SWPS) showed strong internal consistency and positive links to perceived health.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/development-and-preliminary-evaluation-of-a-positive-health-scale-abstract/592187/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/development-and-preliminary-evaluation-of-a-positive-health-scale-abstract/592187.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Grenda","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-19","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":81},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What problem with existing health measurement does the study address?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It argues that traditional tools emphasize pathogenic focus, measuring health largely as the absence of disease and risk factors rather than health potential.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the proposed scale measure health in this research?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The Salutogenic Wellness Promotion Scale measures multidimensional capacity or potential for good health, aligning with salutogenesis rather than pathology.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What evidence does the study provide for the scale’s effectiveness?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The SWPS demonstrated a multidimensional structure, good internal consistency, and positive correlation with and prediction of perceived health, without invoking socially desirable responding.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},592187,1792191727,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":81,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":39,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":46,"preview_page_count":4},7971474921005,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","Research Article  \nDevelopment and Preliminary Evaluation of a Positive Health Scale  \nCraig Becker, Christyn L. Dolbier, Thomas W. Durham, Mary A. Glascoff, and Troy B. Adams  \nABSTRACT  \nBackground: Health educators have long advocated health promotion, yet their health measurement techniques have a pathogenic focus. Pathogenesis refers to the origin of a disease and the chain of events (precursors) leading to that disease. Traditional health measurement tools with this focus therefore measure health by assessing for the absence of disease or associated risk factors. Salutogenesis, as proposed by Aaron Antonovsky, refers to associated factors and precursors of good health similar to howpathogenesis focuses on associated factors and precursors of bad health. Purpose: This study proposes a health measurement scale with a salutogenic focus that measures health by assessing for the multidimensional capacity or potential for good health. Methods: Two samples of university students (N=226, N=365) were surveyed to develop and test the psychometric properties of the Salutogenic Wellness Promotion Scale (SWPS). Results: The SWPS demonstrated a multidimensional structure with good internal consistency, that positively correlated with and predicted perceived health (p\u003C.001), and did not invoke socially desirable responses. Discussion: The SWPS demonstrated preliminary evidence of reliability and validity in its measurement of health potential. Translation to Health Education Practice: Using the SWPS could assist health educators in developing methodologies and practices that facilitate improved health status.  \nBACKGROUND  \nPathology, the study of disease origins, has guided much of health measurement. Based on pathology, health has often been equated with the absence of disease, infirmity, and/or associated risk factors.1 Although health status has dramatically improved over the last century and the conceptualization of health has evolved beyond a pathogenic focus, health measurement methods have not.2-5 While it may have once been acceptable to describe and measure health as the avoidance of death and disease, in contemporary society it is more appropriate to describe health as a capacity or potential. A new health measurement approach con-  \nsistent with this philosophy is proposed in this paper. The Salutogenic Wellness Promotion Scale (SWPS) was developed based on the work of Aaron Antonovsky, who first proposed the concept of salutogenesis. Salutogenesis evolved as a framework from which to investigate associated factors and precursors of good health similar to the way pathogenesis guides researchers to discover associated factors and precursors of bad health or disease.6,7  \nIn 1948, the World Health Organization (WHO) defined health asa complete state of physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity [italics added] .8, 9 From this definition, one  \nCraig Becker is an assistant professor in the Department of Health Education & Promotion at East Carolina University, 110 Christenbury, Greenville, NC 27858; [E-mail: beckerc@ecu.edu](E-mail: beckerc@ecu.edu). Christyn L. Dolbier is with the Department of Psychology at East Carolina University; E-mail: [dolbierc@ecu.edu. Thomas W. Durham is with](dolbierc@ecu.edu. Thomas W. Durham is with)[ ](dolbierc@ecu.edu. Thomas W. Durham is with)the Department of Psychology at East Carolina University; [E-mail: durhamt@ecu.edu. Mary A](E-mail: durhamt@ecu.edu. Mary A). Glascoff is with Department of Health Education & Promotion at East Carolina University; E-mail: [glascoffm@ecu.edu. Troy B. Adams](glascoffm@ecu.edu. Troy B. Adams) is with the Department of Health Promotion and Wellness at the Rocky Mountain University of Health Professions; E-mail: [drtroy@cox.net](drtroy@cox.net).  \n34 American Journal of Health Education—January/February 2008, Volume 39, No. 1  \nCraig Becker, Christyn L. Dolbier, Thomas W. Durham, Mary A. Glascoff, and Troy B. Adams  ","cbCairLk4UDnYLOJ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairLk4UDnYLOJ","pdf",138312,"English","# Abstract\n# Background\n## Pathogenic vs. salutogenic measurement\n## WHO definition of health\n# Health measurement across eras","[{\"question\":\"What problem with existing health measurement does the study address?\",\"answer\":\"It argues that traditional tools emphasize pathogenic focus, measuring health largely as the absence of disease and risk factors rather than health potential.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the proposed scale measure health in this research?\",\"answer\":\"The Salutogenic Wellness Promotion Scale measures multidimensional capacity or potential for good health, aligning with salutogenesis rather than pathology.\"},{\"question\":\"What evidence does the study provide for the scale’s effectiveness?\",\"answer\":\"The SWPS demonstrated a multidimensional structure, good internal consistency, and positive correlation with and prediction of perceived health, without invoking socially desirable responding.\"}]","Development and Preliminary Evaluation of a Positive Health Scale - Abstract | PDF",1792074033]