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Pre-test and post-test results were administered and analyzed to evaluate English vocabulary development. The mean score increased from 6.7 in the pre-test to 8 in the post-test. The t-calculation of 6.7 exceeded the t-table value of 2.060, indicating significant differences after implementing crossword puzzle teaching. Crossword puzzles were concluded as a useful strategy.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/developing-vocabulary-through-crossword-puzzles-classroom-action-research-study/413197/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/developing-vocabulary-through-crossword-puzzles-classroom-action-research-study/413197.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Riley","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-28",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How long did the study last and who participated?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study ran for three weeks with second grade students of Ensino Secundario Dom Martinho da Costa Lopes Maliana in the 2018 school year.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What assessment method was used to measure vocabulary improvement?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The research used a pre-test and post-test administered to the students, followed by data analysis and discussion.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What evidence shows the crossword puzzle strategy was effective?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The mean score rose from 6.7 (pre-test) to 8 (post-test), and the t-calculation of 6.7 was greater than the t-table value of 2.060, indicating significant differences.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},413197,1790916713,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":46,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":31,"preview_page_count":4},1374391975076,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/14000253ca4ec9f6853?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1783305029341752051","DEVELOPING VOCABULARY THROUGH CROSSWORD PUZZLES  \nFeliciano dos Santos1, Jose Antonio Sarmento2, Agostinho dos Santos Gonçalves 3,  \nInstituto Superior Cristal,Dili-Timor Leste,  \n[E-mail : agostinho@isc-tl.com](E-mail : agostinho@isc-tl.com)  \nABSTRACT  \nThis study is a Classroom Action Research which took place for three weeks at the second grade students of Ensino SECUNDARIO Dom Martinho da Costa Lopes Maliana in the school year 2018. The conducting research was done with the second grade students of Ensino Secundario Dom Martinho da Costa Lopes Maliana in the school year 2018 was administered the pre-test and post-test. Based on the data analysis and discussion, the means score of pre-test was 6.7 and post-test was 8. Besides that, It can also be seen the differences between mean scores of pre-test and post-test with the t-calculation is 6.7 which is greater than t table =2.060. Therefore the writer concludes that there were some significance differences between before and after the implementation teaching English vocabulary because the t test table is  \n6.7 which is greater than t table is 2.060. It can be interpreted that the Crosswords Puzzles is considered as the useful strategy to develop students’ vocabulary. This is why, the English teacher and students are recommended to use Crosswords Puzzles for the teaching and learning process of English vocabulary in the classroom.  \nKey words: Crossword Puzzles, English Vocabulary  \nINTRODUCTION  \nEnglish language is considered one of the most important languages all over the world. It uses to facilitate the communicating with some foreigners in the country or abroad. In view of this point, English is widely used in technology science, computer service programs. On the other hand, politics, economy and education must be developed in every country through amongst the bilateral, regional and multilateral countries cooperation with the English as a lingua franca.  \nHence, many countries accentuate the importance of teaching English as a subject in every country. Since there has been a constant change in the teaching methods and techniques all over the world in every subject, English vocabulary teaching methods and techniques need desirable and radical changes in a view of the demanding job market in the globalized world. The English language has a special  \nplace in the world today which has become an international language that many others have learnt to speak it as a second language. Cheshire& Swann,(1987Ardeo (2003) uttered that during the last few decades there has been increasing need to use the English language for the expression of knowledge within specific professional fields.  \nIn order to achieve a successful process of learning English, one must acquire its vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation and the four skills: listening, reading, speaking and writing. Vocabulary is needed for expressing meaning and in using the receptive (listening and reading) and the productive (speaking and writing) skills. It should be considered as an internal part of learning a foreign language since it leads the way to communication. Unfortunately, many teachers keep teaching and learning as a tedious process.  \nThey speak formally in front of the class, give some clarification, interpret some information from the books and just translate the any new words directly in mother tongue or look up in the dictionary. Students do fewer contributions in the class actions and do not have broad chance to call out what they have learnt. The usual method that is being used to teach vocabulary at school is traditional vocabulary instruction from many teachers involves having students look words up in the dictionary, write definitions, and use words in sentences. That is why, the students could not acquire language skills and produce meaningful way as well.  \nVocabulary is a fundamentally meaning of language to make people communicate with each other In fact, without vocabulary communication in a second or","cbCaisVFoe5r1Ws0","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisVFoe5r1Ws0","pdf",514476,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"How long did the study last and who participated?\",\"answer\":\"The study ran for three weeks with second grade students of Ensino Secundario Dom Martinho da Costa Lopes Maliana in the 2018 school year.\"},{\"question\":\"What assessment method was used to measure vocabulary improvement?\",\"answer\":\"The research used a pre-test and post-test administered to the students, followed by data analysis and discussion.\"},{\"question\":\"What evidence shows the crossword puzzle strategy was effective?\",\"answer\":\"The mean score rose from 6.7 (pre-test) to 8 (post-test), and the t-calculation of 6.7 was greater than the t-table value of 2.060, indicating significant differences.\"}]","DEVELOPING VOCABULARY THROUGH CROSSWORD PUZZLES - Classroom Action Research Study | PDF",1790594072]