[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-588880-105":59,"doc-detail-588880-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","developing-elementary-school-students-mental-computation-skills-through-didactic-games","DEVELOPING ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ MENTAL COMPUTATION SKILLS THROUGH DIDACTIC GAMES","","Research examines how didactic card games can develop elementary students’ mental computation skills. The study responds to limited curriculum time and the absence of key mental computation strategies in classroom practice, which leaves learners struggling with oral operations essential for everyday life, further mathematical learning, computation competence, and higher-order thinking. Five difficulty-scaled tools were created by transforming familiar card games. An experiment with second graders compares traditional methods versus card-game instruction.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/developing-elementary-school-students-mental-computation-skills-through-didactic-games/588880/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/developing-elementary-school-students-mental-computation-skills-through-didactic-games/588880.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Chumphorn","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why is mental computation considered important for elementary students?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It supports everyday practical problem solving and forms a foundation for later mathematical concepts, computation competence, and higher-order thinking.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What is the main approach used to improve mental computation skills?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The study transforms well-known card games into didactic games, creating five tools with varying difficulty to encourage development through play.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How was the effectiveness of card games tested?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The paper presents an experiment with second-grade students using two experimental groups to compare mental computation efficiency between traditional methods and card-game-based practice.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},588880,1792210775,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},2336475401981,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/22000c94efd8d5204d?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1786935347598174694","DEVELOPING ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’MENTAL COMPUTATION SKILLS THROUGH  \nDIDACTIC GAMES  \nEdith DEBRENTI, Beáta LÁSZLÓ  \nAbstract: Our research focuses on developing elementary students’ mental computation skills with the help of card games. Choosing this area of study was motivated by our personal experiences, namely, that mathematics programmes of study do not lay emphasis on this aspect;  \nthere are too few hours dedicated to developing this skill, and several mental computation strategies are not presented in the classroom. As a result, students struggle with mental computation, a basic skill needed in our day-to-day life, and a relevant basis for further mathematical knowledge, computation competence, and higher order thinking skills.  \nIn order to develop this skill, we have transformed well-known card games into didactic games, which encourage development almost unnoticeably, given the fact that children love to play, they need play. We have devised five new, appealing tools, with different levels of difficulty, suitable for developing mental computation skills in an attractive way.  \nThis paper presents an experiment involving second grade (8-9 years old) students. Two experimental groups were involved. The aim was to investigate whether mental computation is more efficient when using the traditional method or when using card games. We hypothesized that using card games might prove helpful in developing mental computation skills.  \nKey words: mental computation, strategies, skills, didactic games, basic mathematical operations, number sense, mental mathematics  \n1. Introduction  \nOur research focuses on developing mental math skills. The choice of topic was motivated by our personal and work-related experiences, namely, that developing mental math is not given enough importance in education. During our lesson observations we have rarely witnessed classes which lay emphasis on developing mental math skills. We have not witnessed one single class which would focus on developing mental computation skills. These types of problems were generally used at the beginning of the class, in the warm-up part, while the main part of the lesson focused on other issues. We have found that elementary school students cannot set oral operations apart from written ones. They solve both types in the same way, with the slight difference that when they do mental math they picture the operations. One of the main reasons for this might be the fact that they do not learn mental math strategies and students do not have enough practice to figure out the strategies on their own. In cases when strategies are presented, there is a lack of practice. As a result, written operations are stored better in the long-term memory than mental math strategies.  \nWe consider that mental computation is a foundation for mathematical concepts and operations children encounter in their learning of mathematics. If children learn oral operations, they will have abetter understanding of number system relationships (Hope, 1986; Schall, 1973), they will know their way around numbers and their logical thinking will develop (Reys, 1985) .  \nIf they use and practice mental computation in every lesson, they will develop a practical skill, which they can later use in many areas of life (Gusty, 2005) . If children are familiar with oral operations, they will more easily understand the relationships in written operations (Sauble, 1955) . Supposing that more emphasis is put on oral operations in mathematics education, and children practice it in every lesson, this practice has to be varied lest it becomes boring and children use their motivation (Roșu, 2006) .  \nTaking all these aspects into consideration the main aim of our research is to develop mental math skills. It is our firm conviction that using play facilitates skills development.  \nIn our research, we have developed mental math skills with the help of card-games in a playful way so that children would not find it bor","cbCait99ksJRPvAV","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCait99ksJRPvAV","pdf",493059,13,"English","# Introduction\n# Theoretical background\n## Operations on natural numbers","[{\"question\":\"Why is mental computation considered important for elementary students?\",\"answer\":\"It supports everyday practical problem solving and forms a foundation for later mathematical concepts, computation competence, and higher-order thinking.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the main approach used to improve mental computation skills?\",\"answer\":\"The study transforms well-known card games into didactic games, creating five tools with varying difficulty to encourage development through play.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the effectiveness of card games tested?\",\"answer\":\"The paper presents an experiment with second-grade students using two experimental groups to compare mental computation efficiency between traditional methods and card-game-based practice.\"}]","DEVELOPING ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ MENTAL COMPUTATION SKILLS THROUGH DIDACTIC GAMES | PDF",1792066113,33]