[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-595857-105":59,"doc-detail-595857-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","developing-critical-thinking-through-questioning-strategy-among-fourth-grade-students","Developing Critical Thinking through Questioning Strategy among Fourth Grade Students","","Teaching students to think critically is a key objective across education levels, yet many Pakistani elementary classrooms emphasize factual coverage and rote memorization. In English classes, drill and grammar-translation practices provide limited support for critical thinking, while questioning, role play, debate, and pair work are often underused. This research examines how a questioning teaching strategy affects critical thinking development among elementary students using case study and design experiment methods, with evidence from classroom observations, questionnaires, and field notes.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/developing-critical-thinking-through-questioning-strategy-among-fourth-grade-students/595857/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/developing-critical-thinking-through-questioning-strategy-among-fourth-grade-students/595857.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Fans","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-04","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What problem does the research address in Pakistani elementary English classrooms?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study highlights an overemphasis on content transfer, factual knowledge, and rote memorization, with limited use of strategies that nurture critical thinking such as questioning and interactive discussion.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What teaching strategy is the focus of this research?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The research focuses on the teaching strategy of “questioning” and evaluates its effectiveness in developing critical thinking skills among elementary students.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How does the study measure changes in students’ critical thinking?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Evidence is collected through classroom observation (audio/video recording), questionnaires, and field notes, with critical thinking assessed via pre- and post-questionnaire analysis and discourse during teacher-student and student-student interaction.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},595857,1792191742,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":36,"preview_page_count":4},5909892330395,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Developing Critical Thinking through Questioning Strategy among Fourth Grade Students  \nSumaira Rashid* and Shahzada Qaisar**  \nAbstract  \nResearchers all over the world unanimously agree upon the idea that teaching students to think critically is principal aim of all level education. The researchers observed as student and teacher that in Pakistani elementary public schools, teachers are overly emphasized the coverage of content through transferring factual information and rote memorization. Usually, in an English classroom they use drill methods and grammar translation methods to facilitate students which do little to foster critical thinking. They do not promote other teaching strategies such as questioning, role play, debate and pair work which are essential for developing critical thinking among students. The focus of this research was to examine the effectiveness of teaching strategy 'questioning' in the development of critical thinking among elementary students. This study used case study methodology and design experiment approach. Evidence was collected in a usual classroom context in the form of observation (audio video recording), questionnaire and field notes. The focus was evaluated through students discourse emerged during student-student and teacher-student interaction and change of their critical thinking by pre and post questionnaire analysis. Findings suggest that questioning is a productive teaching approach in promoting critical thinking among students in Pakistani context.  \nKeywords: Critical thinking, questioning, design experiment approach, case study  \n* Kinnaird College [for Women Lahore. Email:profsmalik@yahoo.com](for Women Lahore. Email:profsmalik@yahoo.com)  \n** University of Education, Township Campus, Lahore. Email: [qaisarshahzada@yahoo.com](qaisarshahzada@yahoo.com)  \nIntroduction  \nResearchers across the world, generally agree upon the pivotal role of critical thinking in individuals in general as well as in academic life (Clark, 2011). In the field of education, it is generally accepted that critical thinking skills are essential for an individual's success in meeting with new challenges in ever-changing world where rational and evaluative skills are considered crucial for sound judgment. There is a debate regarding development of critical thinking skills through general curriculum or through specific subject. As Paul (2008) states that critical thinking isnot limited to any subject, content or area rather it serves as a means of improvement in thinking by avoiding irrational and illogical thoughts.  \nNovak (2002) suggests that formal education system should expand critical thinking through formal curricula. Accordingly, Butler (2012) emphasizes the cultivation of critical thinking in all disciplines. Robson (2003) favors the development of critical thinking in specific disciplines such as English, Math and in engineering. Indeed, critical thinking is considered an essential skill in all language classrooms where the purpose of curricula is to foster individual centeredness and development of critical pedagogy. Although, the relevance of embedding critical thinking skills in curriculum is inevitable, however, countries such as Pakistan where English is taught as a second language, students face many challenges in presenting CT skills. They lack in analyzing complex matter into its simple elements, adoption of critical thinking attitude by questioning and assessment and presentation of logical and reasoned arguments (Chen, 2001) .  \nJilani (2004) explained that in the Pakistani institutions the failure rate of students in English is noticeable. Gillani (2000) stated that many students give up their study because of poor results in English. He opined that the most significant reason of unsatisfactory results at elementary, secondary and higher level was student failure in achieving their set targets especially in English. Malik (2005) portrays some common methods mostly used for teaching Englis","cbCaid4WO27UkaKp","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaid4WO27UkaKp","pdf",565605,16,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Role of Questioning in Critical Thinking","[{\"question\":\"What problem does the research address in Pakistani elementary English classrooms?\",\"answer\":\"The study highlights an overemphasis on content transfer, factual knowledge, and rote memorization, with limited use of strategies that nurture critical thinking such as questioning and interactive discussion.\"},{\"question\":\"What teaching strategy is the focus of this research?\",\"answer\":\"The research focuses on the teaching strategy of “questioning” and evaluates its effectiveness in developing critical thinking skills among elementary students.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the study measure changes in students’ critical thinking?\",\"answer\":\"Evidence is collected through classroom observation (audio/video recording), questionnaires, and field notes, with critical thinking assessed via pre- and post-questionnaire analysis and discourse during teacher-student and student-student interaction.\"}]","Developing Critical Thinking through Questioning Strategy among Fourth Grade Students | PDF",1792081993]