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The guide defines key concepts such as validity and reliability through target-practice analogies, detailing how well an exam measures the intended knowledge, skills, or abilities and how consistent scoring supports pass/fail outcomes. 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This manual is licensed for use with restrictions to authorized Centers and Agents. Information herein is proprietary in nature and may not be disclosed to unauthorized persons without the expressed consent of Thomson Prometric.  \nCopyright© 2002-2004 Thomson Prometric, a part of The Thomson Corporation  \nALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution, or information storage and retrieval systems, or in any other manner—without the written permission of the publisher.  \nBenchMark and BenchMark Publisher are registered trademarks of Prometric.  \nWindows NT, Windows 2000 Professional, and SQL Server are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation.  \nPrometric has made every effort to acknowledge trademark information about the company names and products mentioned in this manual. Any additional trademarks are the property of their respective owners.  \n􀀁􀀂􀀃􀀄􀀅 􀀇􀀈 􀀉􀀇􀀊􀀋􀀅􀀊􀀋􀀌  \nCertification Exam Development ...................... 1  \nPurpose of a Certification Exam ........................... 1  \nExpectations—Why Are We Here? ........................ 2  \nConclusion .......................................... 2  \nWorking with Objectives............................. 7  \nWhat is an Objective? .................................. 7  \nWhere do Objectives Come From? ........................ 7  \nWriting to Objectives ................................... 8  \nAnalyzing an Objective ................................. 8  \nWorking with Complete but Unmeasurable Objectives ........ 12  \nWorking with Incomplete Objectives ...................... 12  \nItem Performance Standards ............................ 13  \nAppropriate Level of Difficulty (Differentiation) .............. 15  \nConclusion ......................................... 15  \nThe Exam Item Writing Process ...................... 19  \nSteps to Successful, Focused Item Development ............. 19  \nItem Writing Rules ................................. 23  \nItem Writing Rules .................................... 25  \nBenchMark 4.0 Exercises ............................ 39  \nExercise 1: Creating a Multiple-Choice Item ................. 39  \nExercise 2: Adding an Exhibit to a Multiple-Choice Item ....... 45  \nExercise 3: Creating a Drag & Drop Item Using a GGI Template .. 52  \nExercise 4: Creating a Point & Click Item ................... 59  \nExercise 5: Creating a Brief Free Response Item .............. 69  \nExercise 6: Creating a Drag & Drop Item ................... 73  \nTechnical Review .................................. 87  \nTechnical Review Criteria ............................... 87  \n\n| 2 | DEVELOPING CERTIFICATION TEST ITEMS\u003Cbr>Item Developer’s Guide |\n| --- | --- |\n\nChapter 1  \nCertification Exam Development  \nValidity is like shooting at a target. When the exam measures things you want to know when making a certification decision, it is like hitting the bull’s-eye. An exam that measures something else misses the target completely.  \nPurpose of a Certification Exam  \nThe key to making the Certification Business Model work is identifying candidates who are at least minimally acceptable in a domain of knowledge—that is, the specific area of specialized knowledge, skill, or ability. (See “Glossary of Common Exam Development Terms” on page 3 for more definitions and terminology. A certification exam is used to identify candidates who are qualified at no less than the targeted pre-determined level of expertise. As such, a certification exam is a pass/fail instrument. There is no extra credit awarded fo","cbCailQ4uY6C41QO","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailQ4uY6C41QO","pdf",1967562,94,"English","# Certification Exam Development\n## Purpose of a Certification Exam\n## Terms and Definitions\n## Validity\n## Reliability\n# Working with Objectives\n## What is an Objective?\n## Where do Objectives Come From?\n## Writing to Objectives\n## Analyzing an Objective","[{\"question\":\"What is the purpose of a certification exam?\",\"answer\":\"A certification exam identifies candidates who meet at least the minimally acceptable level of knowledge, skill, or ability, functioning as a pass/fail instrument.\"},{\"question\":\"What does validity mean in exam development?\",\"answer\":\"Validity measures how accurately inferences from exam results reflect the knowledge, skills, or abilities required for the pre-established minimum competency level.\"},{\"question\":\"What does reliability mean in an exam?\",\"answer\":\"Reliability refers to the accuracy and consistency of exam scores and pass/fail decisions, often described as repeatability when the same exam is retaken.\"}]","Developing Certification Test Items - Exam Development Training - Participant’s Guide | PDF",1789641133,237]