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Thirty-five specialists evaluated evidence and recommendations derived from a rapid evidence review using clinical guideline repositories and scientific databases. Recommendations were accepted with ≥80% agreement (score 4–5). The final guidance supports Tdap boosters every 10 years for pertussis, annual high-dose/adjuvanted influenza vaccination from age ≥65, primary and booster COVID-19 vaccination, and a single RSV dose for age ≥75.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/developing-a-latin-american-delphi-consensus-on-vaccination-for-respiratory-diseases-in-older-adults/434611/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/developing-a-latin-american-delphi-consensus-on-vaccination-for-respiratory-diseases-in-older-adults/434611.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"นรินทร์","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-03","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What was the purpose of this study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To develop a consensus among Latin American experts on vaccination for respiratory diseases in older adults, covering influenza, pneumococcal disease, COVID-19, RSV, and pertussis.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How was the Delphi consensus conducted?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"A two-round Delphi methodology involved 35 specialists. Participants scored recommendations on a 1–5 scale, and items with at least 80% acceptance (score ≥4) were approved.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which vaccination recommendations were included in the consensus?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The consensus recommends Tdap boosters every 10 years for pertussis and annual influenza vaccination for adults aged 65+, using high-dose or adjuvanted formulations. It also includes primary and annual booster COVID-19 vaccination, a single RSV dose for people aged 75+, and pneumococcal conjugate vaccination (PCV15 or PCV20) for adults 65+ who have not previously received a PCV.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},434611,1790742110,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":52,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},2336475104957,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/22000c4c6bd8a5076e1?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1787554080175789136","Developing a Latin American Delphi Consensus on Vaccination for Respiratory Diseases in Older Adults  \nJosé F. Parodi1,2, Fernando M. Runzer-Colmenares1,3, Carlos Cano-Gutiérrez1,4,5, José Luis Dinamarca-Montecinos1,6,7, Patricio Buendía-Gomez deLa Torre1,8, Paulo Fortes Villas Boas1,9, Javier A. Flores-Cohaila10, Diego Urrunaga-Pastor3, Luis Miguel Gutiérrez-Robledo1,11  \n1Academia Latinoamericana de Medicina del Adulto Mayor (ALMA), Madrid, Spain  \n2Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigación delEnvejecimiento, Lima, Peru 3CHANGE Research Working Group, Carrera de Medicina Humana, Universidad Científicadel Sur, Lima, Peru 4Instituto de Envejecimiento, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia  \n5Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia 6Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile 7Hospital Dr. Gustavo Fricke, Viña del Mar, Chile  \n8Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador 9Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, SãoPaulo, Brazil 10Hospital Nacional Víctor Larco Herrera, Lima, Peru  \n11Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Ciudad deMéxico, México  \nCorresponding Author:  \nDiego Urrunaga-Pastor, MD CHANGE Research Working Group, Carrera de Medicina Humana, Universidad Científica del Sur, Carretera Antigua Panamericana Sur Km. 19, Lima, Peru  \nE-mail: diego.urrunaga.pastor1@gmail. com  \nORCID:  \n[https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8339-162X](https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8339-162X)  \n[Received: June 4](Received: June 4), [2025](2025)  \nRevised: September 2, 2025  \nAccepted: September 10, 2025  \nBackground: Respiratory infections significantly impact older adults in Latin America, highlighting the need for regionally adapted consensus-based vaccination recommendations to guide preventive strategies. This study aimed to develop a consensus among Latin American experts on vaccination against respiratory diseases in older adults in the region, including influenza, Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and pertussis. Methods: A two-round Delphi methodology was employed, involving 35 specialists from various medical fields. A rapid evidence review was conducted using scientific databases and clinical practice guideline repositories. Participants evaluated each recommendation on a 1-to-5 scale; recommendations with 80% acceptance (score of 4 or higher) were approved. Results: The consensus resulted in recommendations for administering Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis) boosters every 10 years for pertussis and annual influenza vaccination in adults aged 65 years or older, using high-dose or adjuvanted formulations. Additionally, primary and annual booster COVID-19 vaccinations were recommended, along with a single dose of RSV vaccine for individuals aged 75 years and older, providing protection for at least two winter seasons. Routine administration of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 15 (PCV15) or PCV20 was also recommended for adults aged 65 years or older who had not previously received a PCV. Conclusions: The consensus provides a vaccination guide tailored to the Latin American context, aiming to bridge gaps in vaccination coverage among older adults in the region. This effort seeks to reduce the burden of respiratory diseases on frail healthcare systems and promote healthy aging in Latin America.  \nKey Words: Human influenza, COVID-19, Respiratory syncytial viruses, Whooping cough, Delphi technique, Vaccines  \n© 2025 by The Korean Geriatrics Society  \nThis is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.  \nLatin American Respiratory Vaccine Delphi 441  \nINTRODUCTION  \nRespiratory infecti","cbCainV5a7X1ZbWP","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainV5a7X1ZbWP","pdf",301044,"English","# Background\n# Methods\n# Results\n# Conclusions\n# Introduction\n## Disease burden and challenges in Latin America","[{\"question\":\"What was the purpose of this study?\",\"answer\":\"To develop a consensus among Latin American experts on vaccination for respiratory diseases in older adults, covering influenza, pneumococcal disease, COVID-19, RSV, and pertussis.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the Delphi consensus conducted?\",\"answer\":\"A two-round Delphi methodology involved 35 specialists. Participants scored recommendations on a 1–5 scale, and items with at least 80% acceptance (score ≥4) were approved.\"},{\"question\":\"Which vaccination recommendations were included in the consensus?\",\"answer\":\"The consensus recommends Tdap boosters every 10 years for pertussis and annual influenza vaccination for adults aged 65+, using high-dose or adjuvanted formulations. It also includes primary and annual booster COVID-19 vaccination, a single RSV dose for people aged 75+, and pneumococcal conjugate vaccination (PCV15 or PCV20) for adults 65+ who have not previously received a PCV.\"}]","Developing a Latin American Delphi Consensus on Vaccination for Respiratory Diseases in Older Adults | PDF",1790669983,25]