[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-126041-en":3,"doc-seo-126041-105":31,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":93},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":28,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":29,"read_time":30},126041,962084928904,"Asher","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d",8,"Research & Report","Developing a Financial Ratio-Based Model for ESG Sustainability Prediction in Private Firms - A Machine Learning Approach","This thesis develops a financial ratio-based model to predict ESG sustainability performance for private firms, integrating fundamental accounting indicators with corporate sustainability concepts and the evolution of ESG frameworks. It reviews sustainability rating agencies and reporting frameworks, clarifies why institutional investors focus on ESG, and designs an empirical workflow covering data collection, variable selection, preprocessing and feature engineering. The study implements a machine learning approach using Random Forest, evaluates threshold and cross-validation strategies, and presents results to interpret key insights and implications for literature and practice.","UNIVERSITA’ DEGLI STUDI DI PADOVA  \nDIPARTIMENTO DI SCIENZE ECONOMICHE ED AZIENDALI  \n\u003CM.FANNO=  \nCORSO DI LAUREA MAGISTRALE IN  \nENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION  \nTESI DI LAUREA  \n\u003CDEVELOPING A FINANCIAL RATIO-BASED MODEL FOR ESG SUSTAINABILITY PREDICTION IN PRIVATE FIRMS: A MACHINE  \nLEARNING APPROACH =  \nRELATORE:  \nCH.MO PROF. ANTONIO PARBONETTI  \nLAUREANDA: OMNIYA SHWAKI ELKADY ELTAHER  \nMATRICOLA N. 2051959  \nANNO ACCADEMICO 2023 – 2024  \nIl candidato dichiara che il presente lavoro è originale e non è già stato sottoposto, in tutto o in parte, per il conseguimento di un titolo accademico in altre Università italiane o straniere. Il candidato dichiara altresì che tutti i materiali utilizzati durante la preparazione dell9elaborato sonostati indicati nel testo e nella sezione \u003CRiferimenti bibliografici= e che le eventuali citazioni testualisono individuabili attraverso l9esplicito richiamo alla pubblicazione originale.  \nThe candidate declares that the present work is original and has not already been submitted, totally or in part, for the purposes of attaining an academic degree in other Italian or foreign universities. The candidate also declares that all the materials used during the preparation of the thesis have been explicitly indicated in the text and in the section \"Bibliographical references\" and that any textual citations can be identified through an explicit reference to the original publication.  \nFirma dello studente  \nAcknowledgment  \nI would like to thank my supervisor, Professor Antonio Parbonetti for his continuous support and guidance,  \nand I would like to thank Dr. Francesco Ambrosini for all his support and effort.  \nTo my mother, Dr. Hanan, and my father, Dr. Shawky. Thankyou for supporting and inspiring me.  \nTo my siblings: Thankyou for being my backbone.  \nTable of Content  \nIntroduction............................................................................................................................ 6  \nChapter One: Corporate Sustainability, Sustainable Investing, and ESG: The Evolution.........9  \n1.1 Understanding ESG and corporate social responsibility ....................................................... 10  \n1.1.1 Historical Evolution of ESG.......................................................................................... 10  \n1.2 Corporate Sustainability: Definition and Evolution .............................................................. 17  \n1.2.1 What is corporate sustainability? .................................................................................. 17  \n1.2.2 The evolution of Cs frameworks and theories............................................................... 19  \n1.2.3 Corporate Sustainability in Private Companies.............................................................21  \n1.3 Fundamental Data and ESG................................................................................................... 22  \n1.3.1 Financial ratios as predictors of ESG rating .................................................................22  \n1.3.2 AI intersection with corporate sustainability ................................................................27  \n1.3.3 Contribution to the Literature........................................................................................ 29  \nChapter Two: Institutional Setting................................................................................................. 30  \n2.1 Overview of Sustainability Rating Agencies and ESG Reporting Frameworks.................... 30  \n2.1.1 Sustainability Rating Agencies.....................................................................................30  \n2.1.2 Key ESG Reporting Frameworks and ESG Indices...................................................... 32  \n3.2 CFP and ESG ratings:............................................................................................................34  \n3.2.1 Why corporations should focus on ESG efforts ..........................","cbCaimHLXxUkeYWc","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaimHLXxUkeYWc","pdf",877186,6,1,99,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n## Corporate Sustainability, Sustainable Investing, and ESG: The Evolution\n## Institutional Setting\n## Empirical Analysis\n## Results, Discussion, and Conclusion","[{\"question\":\"What is the core objective of the thesis?\",\"answer\":\"To develop a financial ratio-based machine learning model that predicts ESG sustainability for private firms.\"},{\"question\":\"How are ESG and corporate sustainability concepts handled in the work?\",\"answer\":\"The thesis reviews the evolution of ESG, corporate sustainability definitions, and the role of sustainability rating agencies and ESG reporting frameworks.\"},{\"question\":\"What machine learning method is used for the predictive model?\",\"answer\":\"A Random Forest algorithm is implemented, supported by data preprocessing, feature engineering, and evaluation using threshold and cross-validation techniques.\"}]","Developing a Financial Ratio-Based Model for ESG Sustainability Prediction in Private Firms - A Machine Learning Approach | PDF",1785902681,249,{"code":4,"msg":32,"data":33},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":34,"title":13,"keywords":35,"description":14,"schema_data":36,"social_meta":88,"head_meta":90,"extra_data":92,"updated_unix":29},"developing-a-financial-ratio-based-model-for-esg-sustainability-prediction-in-private-firms-a-machine-learning-approach","",{"@graph":37,"@context":87},[38,55,70],{"@type":39,"itemListElement":40},"BreadcrumbList",[41,45,49,52],{"item":42,"name":43,"@type":44,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":46,"name":47,"@type":44,"position":48},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":50,"name":12,"@type":44,"position":51},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":53,"name":13,"@type":44,"position":54},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/developing-a-financial-ratio-based-model-for-esg-sustainability-prediction-in-private-firms-a-machine-learning-approach/126041/",4,{"url":53,"name":13,"@type":56,"author":57,"headline":13,"publisher":59,"fileFormat":62,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":63,"datePublished":64,"encodingFormat":62,"isAccessibleForFree":65,"interactionStatistic":66},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":58},"Person",{"url":42,"name":60,"@type":61},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-08-24","2026-08-05",true,{"@type":67,"interactionType":68,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":69},"ViewAction",{"@type":71,"mainEntity":72},"FAQPage",[73,79,83],{"name":74,"@type":75,"acceptedAnswer":76},"What is the core objective of the thesis?","Question",{"text":77,"@type":78},"To develop a financial ratio-based machine learning model that predicts ESG sustainability for private firms.","Answer",{"name":80,"@type":75,"acceptedAnswer":81},"How are ESG and corporate sustainability concepts handled in the work?",{"text":82,"@type":78},"The thesis reviews the evolution of ESG, corporate sustainability definitions, and the role of sustainability rating agencies and ESG reporting frameworks.",{"name":84,"@type":75,"acceptedAnswer":85},"What machine learning method is used for the predictive model?",{"text":86,"@type":78},"A Random Forest algorithm is implemented, supported by data preprocessing, feature engineering, and evaluation using threshold and cross-validation techniques.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":53,"og:type":89,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":60,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":91,"canonical":53},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":94},[95,99,103,107,112,116,121,124,129,132,136],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":96,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":98},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":48,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":100,"show_sort_weight":101,"slug":102},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":54,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":104,"show_sort_weight":105,"slug":106},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":108,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":109,"show_sort_weight":110,"slug":111},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":113,"show_sort_weight":114,"slug":115},"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":118,"show_sort_weight":119,"slug":120},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":122,"slug":123},30,"research-report",{"id":125,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":126,"show_sort_weight":127,"slug":128},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":130,"show_sort_weight":127,"slug":131},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":133,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":134,"show_sort_weight":133,"slug":135},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":137,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":138,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":139},19,"General","general"]