[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-273874-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":85,"doc-detail-273874-en":135},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":78,"head_meta":80,"extra_data":82,"updated_unix":84},105,"en","determination-of-the-life-time-behaviour-of-different-electric-insulation-systems-research-and-analytical-methods","Determination of the Life Time Behaviour of Different Electric Insulation Systems - Research and Analytical Methods","","The work addresses why diagnostic expert systems often fail to provide an exact assessment of operating condition or residual lifetime for electric power equipment. It proposes a comprehensive view of the insulation system by combining non-destructive diagnosis with destructive tests. Lifetime is modeled through life characteristic curves derived from aging mechanisms linked to Arrhenius behavior and natural process exponentials, enabling statistical evaluation via two-parameter Weibull distribution from successive discharge and long-time breakdown tests.",{"@graph":14,"@context":77},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/determination-of-the-life-time-behaviour-of-different-electric-insulation-systems-research-and-analytical-methods/273874/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/determination-of-the-life-time-behaviour-of-different-electric-insulation-systems-research-and-analytical-methods/273874.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Seraphina","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-31","2026-09-15",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69,73],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"Why are non-destructive diagnostics sometimes insufficient for estimating residual lifetime?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"Diagnostic expert systems may not yield exact answers for insulation condition or residual lifespan. Combining perspectives and test types improves lifetime characterization and reduces uncertainty.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How is the insulation system lifetime behavior mathematically described?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Lifetime behavior is represented by a life characteristic curve based on exponential aging mechanisms, with Arrhenius-related modeling for thermal processes. Parameters are obtained from discharge and breakdown test results.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What statistical method is used to evaluate successive discharge tests?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Successive discharge test evaluation is performed using statistical methods based on the two-parameter Weibull distribution, including identification of failure types.",{"name":74,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":75},"How do the authors ensure statistically correct lifetime results?",{"text":76,"@type":64},"Only wear-out failures are included, excluding early and random failures. The differentiation is supported by Weibull exponent behavior and the bathtub curve, reflecting different aging and breakdown processes.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":79,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":81,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":83,"site_id":7},273874,1789473102,{"code":4,"msg":86,"data":87},"success",[88,92,96,100,105,110,115,119,124,127,131],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":101,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},8,30,"research-report",{"id":120,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":122,"slug":123},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":122,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":122,"slug":126},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":128,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":128,"slug":130},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":132,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":133,"show_sort_weight":101,"slug":134},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":86,"data":136},{"doc_id":83,"user_id":137,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":138,"doc_module":4,"category_id":116,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":139,"file_id":140,"file_url":141,"file_type":142,"file_size":143,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":33,"language":144,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":145,"faqs":146,"seo_title":147,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":84,"read_time":128,"preview_page_count":4},962075114101,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/e000253a75eb197efd?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1780044092746381165","Determination of the life time behaviour of different electric insulation systems  \nC. Sumereder, M. Muhr, R. Woschitz Institute of High Voltage Engineering and System Management, Graz University of Technology,  \nInffeldgasse 18,  \n8010 Graz, Austria  \nE-mail: [surname@hspt.tu-graz.ac.at](surname@hspt.tu-graz.ac.at)  \nAbstract: Often diagnostic expert systems can not give an exact answer to the condition or the residual lifespan of electric power equipment. In these cases it can be helpful to look at the electric insulation system from every angle. Beside the non-destructive diagnosis methods different destructive tests enables a better description of the life time behaviour.  \nThe life time behaviour of an electric insulation system can be mathematically described by the so called life characteristic curve. The mathematical model of the life characteristic curve bases on the exponential characteristic of natural processes for aging mechanism, which was already described by the law of Arrhenius. The determination of this curve can be done with successive discharge tests and long-time breakdown tests. The evaluation of the successive discharge test is to do under statistical methods with the two-parametric Weibull distribution. In a next step the breakdown voltage level has to be estimated and gives the parameter for the following long-time breakdown tests. To achieve a statistic correct result it is important to ensure that only wear-out failures and no early and random failures are included to the examination. These different failure types can be distinguished by the exponent of the Weibull distribution, also the bathtub curve gives this information. The reason for the necessity of this differentiation finds its reason in the miscellaneous kinds of breakdown respectively aging processes.  \nThe life characteristic curves of generator bars and polymer insulation systems were determined by several measurements. The results present an essential fact for the evaluation of the condition of the electric insulation system. The life characteristic curves can be helpful for strategic decision of further operation, maintenance measures or reinvestment of the power equipment.  \nTheory of Aging Mechanism  \nAgeing is defined as the irreversible changes of the properties of an electrical insulation system due to action by one or more factors of influence. Factor of influence is a specific physical stress imposed by operation, environment, or test that influences the performance of an insulation material, insulation system, or electric equipment. Ageing stress causes an  \nirreversible change (usually degradation) to take place with time. Aging leads to an irreversible change of the insulating properties [1] .  \nThe condition of an electric insulation system is influenced by different physical loads. Beside electrical and thermal stress also chemical and mechanical loads and their common reaction to the insulation material (multi stress) cause degradation of the insulation behaviour. The basic process at degradation is the thermal aging, where molecular bonding forces break and recombination is not possible any more. For this reason insulating materials have thermal borders for operation, e.g. at IEC 60085 “Electrical insulation - Thermal classification“ the maximum long time temperature is defined.  \nSince the condition of electric machines has to be evaluated models with the focus to aging were developed. For electrical aging the inverse power law describes the degradation process due to electric stress. The lifetime degreases with rising electric field in a double logarithmic function. It has to be taken into account that the inverse power law is limited by the minimum electric field strength – threshold. Below the threshold field no degradation caused by electrical occur. Equations 1 give the two forms of the mathematical function.  \n1  \nE = kD *tD − r , tD = cD E −r Equations 1  \nE …electric Field, r …lifetime exponent, kD, cD …constants","cbCaiuZWe4OTGoVa","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiuZWe4OTGoVa","pdf",207629,"English","# Abstract\n# Theory of Aging Mechanism\n## Influence Factors and Degradation\n## Electrical Aging: Inverse Power Law\n## Thermal Aging: Arrhenius and Montsinger\n# Measurements\n## Successive Discharge Tests and Long-Time Breakdown Tests\n## Polymer Insulation Systems\n## Generator Bars","[{\"question\":\"Why are non-destructive diagnostics sometimes insufficient for estimating residual lifetime?\",\"answer\":\"Diagnostic expert systems may not yield exact answers for insulation condition or residual lifespan. Combining perspectives and test types improves lifetime characterization and reduces uncertainty.\"},{\"question\":\"How is the insulation system lifetime behavior mathematically described?\",\"answer\":\"Lifetime behavior is represented by a life characteristic curve based on exponential aging mechanisms, with Arrhenius-related modeling for thermal processes. Parameters are obtained from discharge and breakdown test results.\"},{\"question\":\"What statistical method is used to evaluate successive discharge tests?\",\"answer\":\"Successive discharge test evaluation is performed using statistical methods based on the two-parameter Weibull distribution, including identification of failure types.\"},{\"question\":\"How do the authors ensure statistically correct lifetime results?\",\"answer\":\"Only wear-out failures are included, excluding early and random failures. The differentiation is supported by Weibull exponent behavior and the bathtub curve, reflecting different aging and breakdown processes.\"}]","Determination of the Life Time Behaviour of Different Electric Insulation Systems - Research and Analytical Methods | PDF"]