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Cross-sectional survey data were collected from more than 200 master’s and doctoral students at Universitas Negeri Surabaya and Universitas Negeri Malang, then analyzed using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling with SmartPLS 4. Results indicate institutional support and self-efficacy as primary drivers, while supervisor support improves research competence indirectly by strengthening confidence and academic engagement.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/determinants-of-graduate-students-research-competence-empirical-evidence-through-structural-equation-modelling/232280/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/determinants-of-graduate-students-research-competence-empirical-evidence-through-structural-equation-modelling/232280.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Gloria","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-31","2026-09-10",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",16,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What factors influence postgraduate students’ research skills in East Java?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"The study examines internal factors such as self-directed learning and self-efficacy alongside external factors including learning environment, institutional support, supervisor support, and family support.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How were the research data collected and analyzed?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Data were gathered through a cross-sectional survey from more than 200 master’s and doctoral students. Analysis used Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 4.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"Which variables are most strongly associated with research competence?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Institutional support and self-efficacy primarily shape postgraduate students’ research skills, while supervisor support contributes indirectly by strengthening confidence and academic engagement.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},232280,1789070506,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":130,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},2336474459895,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/22000baeef7a5ed0655?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1786071322749376916","DETERMINANTS OF GRADUATE STUDENTS’ RESEARCH COMPETENCE: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE THROUGH  \nSTRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELLING  \nMarniati *  \nUniversitas Negeri Surabaya, Indonesia  \nHeru Arizal  \nUniversitas Negeri Surabaya, Indonesia  \nSuparji  \nUniversitas Negeri Surabaya, Indonesia  \nHighlight:  \nThis study demonstrates that postgraduate students’ research competence is driven by the synergistic interplay of institutional support, self-efficacy, and supervisory engagement, while the integration of psychological, social, and learning-environment factors collectively strengthens research productivity.  \nAbstract  \nThis study aims to identify the factors influencing postgraduate students’ research skills, particularly within higher education institutions in East Java. Previous literature highlights the need for empirical investigations that integrate internal aspects, such as self-directed learning and self-efficacy, with external factors, including the learning environment, institutional support, supervisor support, and family support. Using a cross-sectional survey approach, data were collected from more than 200 master’s and doctoral students at Universitas Negeri Surabaya (UNESA) and Universitas Negeri Malang (UM) . The data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares– Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 4 to evaluate both the measurement and structural models. Postgraduate students’ research skills are primarily shaped by institutional support and self-efficacy, while supervisor support contributes indirectly through strengthening students’ confidence and academic engagement. These findings emphasize the importance of integrating supportive institutional policies, effective academic mentoring, and research-based learning environments to enhance postgraduate research competence and global academic competitiveness. The practical implications highlight the need for stronger institutional policies, enhanced supervisor support, and sustainable research-based training as the foundation for building research capacity in higher education.  \nKeywords  \nResearch skills, Postgraduate students, Quality Education.  \nIntroduction  \nResearch competence, reflected through reputable international publications and citation impact, has become one of the main indicators of university reputation and global competitiveness. Bibliometric indicators such as publication productivity, citation counts, and field-weighted citation impact significantly influence institutional rankings and academic visibility (Szluka et al., 2023; Tóth et al., 2024) . Postgraduate students play a strategic role as future contributors to scientific publications and institutional research productivity. Strengthening postgraduate students’ research competence is therefore not only important for individual academic development, but also for enhancing universities’ competitiveness, international collaboration networks, and recognition as global knowledge hubs (Altbach & De Wit, 2018; Heiser, 2023) .  \nPrevious studies have shown that postgraduate students’ research productivity is influenced by both individual and institutional factors. Research literacy, scientific collaboration, and access to research funding are consistently reported as dominant factors in improving the quantity and quality of scientific publications (Abramo et al., 2017; Wahid et al., 2022) . Institutional infrastructures, including open repositories, digital research systems, and evidence-based academic cultures, also contribute significantly to strengthening research capacity and publication outcomes (Frantz et al., 2022; Obuku et al., 2018) . In addition, integrating of research activities into postgraduate curricula and implementing student-centered learning approaches provide students with greater opportunities to develop research competence and produce internationally competitive publications (Duche-Pérez et al., 2024) .  \nLearning environments and pedagogical approaches have also been identi","cbCaisQM1cYeoJwM","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisQM1cYeoJwM","pdf",547519,11,"English","# Introduction\n## Determinants of research competence\n## Role of supervisors and institutional ecosystems\n## Individual and external supports","[{\"question\":\"What factors influence postgraduate students’ research skills in East Java?\",\"answer\":\"The study examines internal factors such as self-directed learning and self-efficacy alongside external factors including learning environment, institutional support, supervisor support, and family support.\"},{\"question\":\"How were the research data collected and analyzed?\",\"answer\":\"Data were gathered through a cross-sectional survey from more than 200 master’s and doctoral students. Analysis used Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 4.\"},{\"question\":\"Which variables are most strongly associated with research competence?\",\"answer\":\"Institutional support and self-efficacy primarily shape postgraduate students’ research skills, while supervisor support contributes indirectly by strengthening confidence and academic engagement.\"}]","Determinants of Graduate Students’ Research Competence - Empirical Evidence Through Structural Equation Modelling | PDF",28]