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Breast and prostate cancer cells engineered to express high Tn-antigen levels and non-engineered controls are incubated with VVL-labeled or unlabeled red dye-doped, silica-coated polystyrene nanoparticles. Cell binding is evaluated by flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, and electron microscopy.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/detection-of-tn-antigen-in-breast-and-prostate-cancer-models-by-vvl-labeled-red-dye-doped-nanoparticles/332672/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/detection-of-tn-antigen-in-breast-and-prostate-cancer-models-by-vvl-labeled-red-dye-doped-nanoparticles/332672.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Sage","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-23","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What detection approach is evaluated for Tn-antigen-expressing cancer cells?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study evaluates fluorescence detection using Vicia villosa lectin (VVL)-labeled nanoparticles that bind to Tn-antigen on cancer cells.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How are cell binding experiments performed in the study?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Engineered breast and prostate cancer cells with high Tn-antigen expression and non-engineered controls are incubated with VVL-labeled or unlabeled red dye-doped nanoparticles. Binding is assessed using flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, and electron microscopy.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What do the microscopy results indicate about nanoparticle binding?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Confocal microscopy shows particle binding on the cell surface, and correlative light and electron microscopy indicates the particles bind mostly as aggregates.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},332672,1790138448,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":36,"preview_page_count":4},687197207057,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","NANOMEDICINE  \n2024, VOL. 19, NO. 29, 2463–2478  \n[https://doi.org/10.1080/17435889.2024.2405454](https://doi.org/10.1080/17435889.2024.2405454)  \nRESEARCH ARTICLE     \nDetection of Tn-antigen in breast and prostate cancer models by VVL-labeled red dye-doped nanoparticles  \nAlejandra Verhassel‡, a, b, Martha Kimani‡, c, Kamlesh Gidwanib, d, Jouko Sandholme, Kornelia  \nGawlitza* , c, Knut Rurackc and Pirkko Härkönen** , a, b  \na Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, 20520, Finland; bWestern Cancer Centre FICAN West, Turku, 20521, Finland;  \nc Chemical and Optical Sensing Division, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und-prüfung (BAM), Berlin, 12489, Germany; d Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, 20520, Finland; eTurku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and ˚Abo Akademi University, Turku, 20520, Finland  \nABSTRACT  \nAim: Fluorescence detection of breast and prostate cancer cells expressing Tn-antigen, a tumor marker, with Vicia villosa lectin (VVL)-labeled nanoparticles.  \nMaterials & methods: Breast and prostate cancer cells engineered to express high levels of Tnantigen and non-engineered controls were incubated with VVL-labeled or unlabeled red dye-doped silica-coated polystyrene nanoparticles. The binding to cells was studied with flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, and electron microscopy.  \nResults: Flow cytometry showed that the binding of VVL-labeled nanoparticles was significantly higher to Tn-antigen-expressing cancer cells than controls. Confocal microscopy demonstrated that particles bound to the cell surface. According to the correlative light and electron microscopy the particles bound mostly as aggregates.  \nConclusion: VVL-labeled nanoparticles could provide a new tool for the detection of Tn-antigenexpressing breast and prostate cancer cells.  \nGRAPHICAL ABSTRACT  \nVVL-labeled nanoparticle  \nVVL (binds Tn antigen)  \nCancer cell  \nNanoparticles (red)  \nImaging  \nCancer-related (Tn antigen)  \nglycan  \nARTICLE HISTORY  \nReceived 10 July 2024  \nAccepted 13 September 2024  \nKEYWORDS  \nbreast cancer cells;  \nfluorescence detection; lectin labeling; prostate cancer cells; silica-coated polystyrene nanoparticles; Tn-antigen; VVL  \n1. Introduction  \nProtein glycosylation is a post-translational modification, in which a carbohydrate chain (glycan) is attached to a  \nprotein, forming a glycoprotein [1,2] . Glycans influence cell membrane properties, support cell signaling and attachment, and influence protein folding and stability [2,3] . The two most common and important forms of  \nCONTACT Kornelia Gawlitza  [kornelia.gawlitza@bam.de](kornelia.gawlitza@bam.de); Pirkko Härkönen  harkonen@utu.fi‡ Equal contribution  \n Supplemental data for this article can be accessed at [https://doi.org/10.1080/17435889.2024.2405454](https://doi.org/10.1080/17435889.2024.2405454)[ ](https://doi.org/10.1080/17435889.2024.2405454)© 2024 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group  \nThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License  \n([http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way. The terms on which this article has been published allow the posting of the Accepted Manuscript in a repository by the author(s) or with their consent.  \n2464  A. VERHASSEL ET AL.  \nhuman protein glycosylation are N-glycosylation (glycan chain bound to an asparagine) and O-glycosylation (glycan chain bound to serine (Ser), threonine (Thr), or tyrosine (Tyr)) [1,4] . O-glycosylation can be further subdivided into different types, depending on which carbohydrate is linked to the protein (e.g., linkage of N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) or N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and ","cbCaiqiMvPoUuQB1","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqiMvPoUuQB1","pdf",2636296,16,"English","# Abstract\n## Aim\n## Materials & methods\n## Results\n## Conclusion\n# Introduction\n## Cancer-associated glycosylation and Tn-antigen relevance\n## Existing detection approaches and limitations","[{\"question\":\"What detection approach is evaluated for Tn-antigen-expressing cancer cells?\",\"answer\":\"The study evaluates fluorescence detection using Vicia villosa lectin (VVL)-labeled nanoparticles that bind to Tn-antigen on cancer cells.\"},{\"question\":\"How are cell binding experiments performed in the study?\",\"answer\":\"Engineered breast and prostate cancer cells with high Tn-antigen expression and non-engineered controls are incubated with VVL-labeled or unlabeled red dye-doped nanoparticles. Binding is assessed using flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, and electron microscopy.\"},{\"question\":\"What do the microscopy results indicate about nanoparticle binding?\",\"answer\":\"Confocal microscopy shows particle binding on the cell surface, and correlative light and electron microscopy indicates the particles bind mostly as aggregates.\"}]","Detection of Tn-antigen in breast and prostate cancer models by VVL-labeled red dye-doped nanoparticles | PDF",1789999035]