[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-662943-105":59,"doc-detail-662943-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","design-of-solid-wood-panels-with-cross-layers-paper","Design of solid wood panels with cross layers - Paper","","Objective: present a design method for solid wood panels with cross layers. Stress distribution and deformation behaviour are analysed using composite theory, while shear influence is determined via the shear analogy approach. A strength class system is proposed that links design strength to stress type and panel build-up. Rolling shear modulus is measured through a bending vibration frequency method on spruce specimens, with FE simulation used to validate the approach.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/design-of-solid-wood-panels-with-cross-layers-paper/662943/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/design-of-solid-wood-panels-with-cross-layers-paper/662943.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Malam Tenang","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-28",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":24},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the main goal of the paper?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To present a design method for solid wood panels with cross layers, including how to account for stresses, deformation behaviour, and shear influence.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How is shear influence in the panels determined?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Shear influence is determined using the shear analogy method, complemented by analysis of rolling shear effects.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How is the rolling shear modulus obtained in the study?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It is determined using a dynamic vibration method that measures bending vibration frequencies of small spruce specimens; FE simulation is used to check validity.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},662943,1793223601,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":24,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":29,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":143},962093532863,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Design of solid wood panels with cross layers  \nUniv.-Prof. Dr.-Ing.  \nHans Joachim Blass Dipl.-Ing. Peter Fellmoser  \nLehrstuhl für Ingenieurholzbau und Baukonstruktionen University of Karlsruhe  \n76128 Karlsruhe, Germany  \n[Peter.Fellmoser@holz.uka.de](Peter.Fellmoser@holz.uka.de)  \nSummary  \nThe objective of this paper is to present a method for the design of solid wood panels with cross layers. The stress distribution in and the deformation behaviour of solid wood panels were analysed using the composite theory. The shear influence in solid wood panels was determined using the shear analogy method. A strength class system is proposed for the design of solid wood panels with cross layers depending on the type of stress and the panel build-up.  \nKeywords: solid wood panels with cross layers, composite theory, shear analogy  \nmethod, rolling shear modulus, shear influence, bending vibration, classification system  \n1. Introduction  \nSolid wood panels with cross layers consist of two outer skins oriented parallel to each other and at least one middle layer oriented crosswise to the grain direction of the outer skins. The layers themselves are composed of boards generally glued together at the edges. The build-up of the panels is symmetric to the middle layer (Fig. 1). The nominal thickness as well as the load bearing performance is determined by the build-up of the solid wood panel. The primary direction of the load-bearing capacity generally corresponds to the outer skin orientation.  \nFig. 1 Build-up of solid wood panels with cross layer  \nSolid wood panels are used as plate and diaphragm members as well as skins in stressed skin panels. In Germany, the design rules for solid wood panels are presently given in technical approvals, where also strength and stiffness values based on tests are included.  \nBecause of the increasing number of different types of solid wood panel a general design method and a classification system of solid wood panels is needed for practice. In the following, different design methods as well as a suggestion for the classification of solid wood panels with cross layers is presented.  \n2. Influence of shear deformation  \nThe stress distribution in and the deformation behaviour of solid wood panels with cross layers loaded perpendicular to the plane both depend on the shear deformation. Figure 2 shows a schematic representation of rolling shear stresses. Due to the very low rolling shear modulus, shear  \ndeformation increases significantly depending on the thickness of the rolling shear layer.τ  \nτ  \nFig. 2 Stress due to rolling shear  \nOnly very few data are available regarding the rolling shear modulus which also depends on certain wood properties such as density and annual ring orientation. For rolling shear a ratio of GR,mean / Gmean = 0,10 is defined in [1]. In the present study the dynamic method of measuring the frequencies of a bending vibration was used for determining the rolling shear modulus. The method is accurately described in [2] . For the determination of modulus of elasticity perpendicular to the grain and rolling shear modulus small specimens from the middle layer of solid wood panels of  \nspruce were prepared. Common values of the rolling shear modulus of spruce are between 40 N/mm² and 80 N/mm² depending significantly on the annual ring orientation. Additionally, the validity of the vibration method was checked by FE-simulation.  \n3. Design methods for solid wood panels  \nBlaß and Görlacher show in [3] the basics for the design of solid wood panels. There are two different types of stress for panels: loading perpendicular to the plane of the panel (load on panel) and loading in the plane of the panel (load in panel) . Additionally, the strength and stiffness values of solid wood panels depend on the direction of the loading (parallel or perpendicular to the grain direction of the outer skins) .  \nFor the design of solid wood panels the composite theory may be used. The calculation ","cbCaiq2VjaAaJUVl","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiq2VjaAaJUVl","pdf",213162,"English","# Summary\n# 1. Introduction\n# 2. Influence of shear deformation\n# 3. Design methods for solid wood panels\n# 4. Calculation of solid wood panels with composite theory","[{\"question\":\"What is the main goal of the paper?\",\"answer\":\"To present a design method for solid wood panels with cross layers, including how to account for stresses, deformation behaviour, and shear influence.\"},{\"question\":\"How is shear influence in the panels determined?\",\"answer\":\"Shear influence is determined using the shear analogy method, complemented by analysis of rolling shear effects.\"},{\"question\":\"How is the rolling shear modulus obtained in the study?\",\"answer\":\"It is determined using a dynamic vibration method that measures bending vibration frequencies of small spruce specimens; FE simulation is used to check validity.\"}]","Design of solid wood panels with cross layers - Paper | PDF",15]