[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-650621-105":59,"doc-detail-650621-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","design-criteria-for-water-based-fire-fighting-system","Design Criteria for Water Based Fire - Fighting System","","Design criteria for a water-based fire fighting system in high-rise buildings, organized around preventive and protective measures. The document explains preventive measures integrated during building design without energy activation, and protective measures requiring activation after design. It lists fire protection equipment such as portable extinguishers, hose reels, hydrants, detection and alarm systems, fixed automatic systems including water sprinklers, CO2, and FM 200, and mobile fire fighting systems. It also covers codes, BIS IS 1641-1648 guidance, and fire grading principles including personal, internal, and exposure hazards.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/design-criteria-for-water-based-fire-fighting-system/650621/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/design-criteria-for-water-based-fire-fighting-system/650621.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Liam","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-24",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What are the two major categories of fire and safety measures in a high-rise building?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"They are preventive measures and protective measures. Preventive measures are considered during building design without energy consumption, while protective measures require energy consumption for activation after design.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What equipment is included under fire protection measures?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It includes portable fire extinguishers, fixed fire fighting equipment such as hose reels, fire hydrant installation, manual/automatic fire detection and alarm systems, fixed automatic fire fighting systems (water sprinkler, CO2, FM 200), and mobile fire fighting systems.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How does the document explain fire hazards for fire grading?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Fire safety is considered from three aspects: personal hazard, internal hazard, and exposure hazard. Personal hazard focuses on life loss and the need for safe exits, internal hazard relates to spread inside the building and fire load, and exposure hazard covers fire spreading from adjoining buildings or across a street.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},650621,1792878286,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},8796095461564,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","|  |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| \u003Cbr>Design Criteria for Water Based Fire\u003Cbr>Fighting System |  |\n| Prepared by :\u003Cbr>Prof. Praveen Patel\u003Cbr>Head of the Department\u003Cbr>Dept. of Fire Tech. & Safety Engg.\u003Cbr>Institute of Engineering & Science IPS Academy, Indore.\u003Cbr>1 |  |\n\nFire and Safety Measures:  \nThe Fire and Safety Measures in a high rise building can broadly classified in to the two major categories:  \n•Preventive Measures.  \n•Protective Measures.  \n2  \n(A) Preventive Measures: Are those measures which are taken care off during designing of a building structure and does not need any energy consumption. These measures are directly affect the architecture and construction value of the building. These system are installed during the design and as a part of the building. The best example of the preventive measures are.  \n(i) The Fire resistance of building structure.  \n(ii) Fire and Smoke venting for smoke extraction.  \n(iii) The internal means of evacuation.  \n(iv) Isolation from neighboring Structure.  \n(v) Access for out side emergency services.  \n(vi) Site Planning.  \n(vii) Compartmentation of internal structure.  \n3  \n(B) Fire Protection: Are those measure which are taken care off during after designing of building structure and does need energy consumption for activation. These measure are further classified in a general way under following heads:  \n(i) Portable fire extinguishers  \n(ii) Fixed fire aid fire fighting equipments like hose reels.  \n(iii) Fire Hydrant Installation.  \n(iv) Manual/Automatic Fire detection and alarm systems.  \n(v) Fixed Automatic Fire Fighting systems.  \n(a) Water Sprinkler system.  \n(b) CO2 Fire Fighting System  \n(c) FM 200 Fire Fighting System  \n(vi) Mobile Fire Fighting System.  \n4  \nCodes and local Bye Laws:  \nA wide variety of rules and regulations are existent regarding fire safety of buildings both nationally and internationally. Although all codes and local bye laws in respect of fire safety are based on the same theme, they differ vastly in their method of applications. Fire regulations can be broadly divided in three categories  \n•Mandatory/obligatory  \n•Recommendatory  \n5  \nThe code of practice series of BIS vide IS 1641 to IS 1648 provides sufficient guide lines on national basis, as given below:  \nCode of practice for fire safety of buildings (General) 1641-60 : General principles and fire grading  \n1642-60 : Materials and details of construction  \n1643-60 : Exposure Hazard  \n1644-60 : Personal hazard  \n1645-60 : Chimneys, flues, flue pipes and hearths.  \n1647-60 : Electrical installations  \n1647-60 : Non-electric lighting equipment oil and gas  \nheaters and burners of small capacity  \n1648-61 : Fire fighting equipment and its maintenance including construction and installations of fire proof doors.  \n6  \n| CLASSIFICTION OF BUILDINGS BASED ON\u003Cbr>OCCUPANCY\u003Cbr>(As Per National Building Code 1983)\u003Cbr>In respect of making passive or active fire fighting provisions, buildings are classified in following groups:\u003Cbr>Residential Educational Institutional Assembly Business Mercantile Industrial Storage Hazardous |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| Group\u003Cbr>ABC DEF GHJ | Type Residential Educational Institutional Assembly business Mercantile Industrial Storage Hazardous |\n\n7  \nGENERAL PRINCIPLES OF FIRE GRADING OF BUILDINGS  \n(Abstracts From IS : 1641-1960)  \n(A) Fire Hazards  \nFire safety of buildings shall be considered from three aspects and protection shall accordingly be provided against the following three types of fire hazards:  \n1. Personal Hazard.  \n2. Internal Hazard.  \n3. Exposure Hazard.  \n8  \n(a) Personal Hazard: Possibility of loss -or damage to life, referred to as 'personal hazard’.  \nThe consideration of 'personal hazard' is naturally of paramount importance and requires the provision of liberally designed and safe fire proof exits or escapes in all buildings and particularly those having more than one storey.  \n(b) Internal Hazard; Possibility of fire occurring and spreading inside the building its","cbCaigLmNJmu9VhE","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaigLmNJmu9VhE","pdf",709440,47,"English","# Fire and Safety Measures\n## Preventive Measures\n## Fire Protection\n# Codes and Local Bye Laws\n## BIS Code of Practice (IS 1641 to IS 1648)\n# Classification of Buildings Based on Occupancy\n# General Principles of Fire Grading of Buildings\n## Fire Hazards\n### Personal Hazard\n### Internal Hazard\n### Exposure Hazard","[{\"question\":\"What are the two major categories of fire and safety measures in a high-rise building?\",\"answer\":\"They are preventive measures and protective measures. Preventive measures are considered during building design without energy consumption, while protective measures require energy consumption for activation after design.\"},{\"question\":\"What equipment is included under fire protection measures?\",\"answer\":\"It includes portable fire extinguishers, fixed fire fighting equipment such as hose reels, fire hydrant installation, manual/automatic fire detection and alarm systems, fixed automatic fire fighting systems (water sprinkler, CO2, FM 200), and mobile fire fighting systems.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the document explain fire hazards for fire grading?\",\"answer\":\"Fire safety is considered from three aspects: personal hazard, internal hazard, and exposure hazard. Personal hazard focuses on life loss and the need for safe exits, internal hazard relates to spread inside the building and fire load, and exposure hazard covers fire spreading from adjoining buildings or across a street.\"}]","Design Criteria for Water Based Fire - Fighting System | PDF",1792834621,118]