[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-124777-en":3,"doc-seo-124777-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},124777,3848291630094,"Emma Wilson","https://eur-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45",8,"Research & Report","Design and Analysis of Low Noise Amplifiers in Ngspice with a Perspective on Machine Learning Approaches - Thesis","This thesis presents the design and analysis workflow for low noise amplifiers using Ngspice, covering key performance evaluations such as matching, S-parameter behavior, AC voltage gain, stability, noise figure, power gain, and DC power consumption. It then develops a machine-learning-driven approach to automate analog circuit design from threshold specifications. A filtering pipeline generates supervised training data by sampling circuit parameters, running simulations, and organizing results to train a circuit-design agent. Experiments compare performance across dataset variations.","UC Irvine  \nUC Irvine Electronic Theses and Dissertations  \nTitle  \nDesign and Analysis of Low Noise Amplifiers in Ngspice with a Perspective on Machine Learning Approaches  \nPermalink  \n[https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1949x8t4](https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1949x8t4)  \nAuthor  \nKHAJEH, POOYA  \nPublication Date  \n2023  \nPeer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation  \n[eScholarship.org](eScholarship.org) Powered by the California Digital Library  \nUniversity of California  \nUNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA,  \nIRVINE  \nDesign and Analysis of Low Noise Amplifiers in Ngspice with a Perspective on Machine  \nLearning Approaches  \nTHESIS  \nsubmitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of  \nMASTER OF SCIENCE  \nin Electrical and Computer Engineering  \nby  \nPooya Khajeh  \nThesis Committee:  \nAssistant Professor Hamidreza Aghasi, Chair Professor Michael M. Green  \nAssistant Professor Roy Fox Assistant Professor Mohsen Imani  \n© 2023 Pooya Khajeh  \nDEDICATION  \nTo my parents, my siblings, and my friends, for their unfaltering love and support.  \nTABLE OF CONTENTS  \nPage  \nLIST OF FIGURES iv  \nLIST OF TABLES v  \nACKNOWLEDGMENTS vi  \nABSTRACT OF THE THESIS vii  \n1 Introduction 1  \n2 Ngspice 3  \n3 Low Noise Amplifier 5  \n3.1 Background .................................... 5  \n3.2 Design ....................................... 7  \n3.2.1 Matching and S-parameters ....................... 7  \n3.2.2 AC Analysis and Voltage Gain ...................... 10  \n3.2.3 Stability .................................. 11  \n3.2.4 Noise Figure ................................ 12  \n3.2.5 Power Gain ................................ 12  \n3.2.6 DC Power Consumption ......................... 16  \n3.3 Summary ..................................... 16  \n4 Learning to Design Analog Circuits 17  \n4.1 Problem Statement ................................ 17  \n4.1.1 Exact Specification ............................ 18  \n4.1.2 Threshold Specification .......................... 19  \n4.2 Analog Automated Circuit Design ........................ 20  \n4.3 Method ...................................... 21  \n4.3.1 Simulator ................................. 22  \n4.3.2 Agent Model ............................... 22  \n4.3.3 Filtering Pipeline ............................. 23  \n4.4 Experiments .................................... 27  \n4.4.1 Performance Metric Ordering Variations ................ 28  \nBibliography 30  \nLIST OF FIGURES  \nPage  \n3.1 General block diagram of receiver ........................ 6  \n3.2 General block diagram of a Cascode LNA .................... 6  \n3.3 Input marching network and biasing of the LNA ................ 8  \n3.4 Ngspice code for S-parameters analysis ..................... 8  \n3.5 S11 (dB) ...................................... 8  \n3.6 Z11 Magnitude .................................. 9  \n3.7 Ngspice code for sweeping variable Ls ...................... 9  \n3.8 Final LNA Schematic .............................. 10  \n3.9 AC analysis commands .............................. 10  \n3.10 Gain Magnitude Bode Plot ........................... 11  \n3.11 K .......................................... 13  \n3.12 |∆| ......................................... 13  \n3.13 Noise Figure(dB) ................................. 14  \n3.14 Proposed LNA S21 ................................ 15  \n3.15 Commands to extract the Unilateral Transducer Power Gain and the resonant frequency ..................................... 15  \n3.16 DC Analysis command .............................. 16  \n4.1 The problem of automated design by threshold specification. A user specifies threshold constraints on the circuit’s performance metrics. A design agent then generates a circuit that, when simulated, meets the constraints..... 19  \n4.2 Proposed method for automated design from threshold specification. Circuit  \nparameters are sampled within a user-defined range, simulated, and measured.  \nPerformance metrics are randomly adjusted to sample threshold queries. A data filtering process then genera","cbCaipuqMlF3nb4k","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipuqMlF3nb4k","pdf",4689551,1,40,"English","en",105,"# 1 Introduction\n# 2 Ngspice\n# 3 Low Noise Amplifier\n## 3.1 Background\n## 3.2 Design\n## 3.3 Summary\n# 4 Learning to Design Analog Circuits\n## 4.1 Problem Statement\n## 4.2 Analog Automated Circuit Design\n## 4.3 Method\n## 4.4 Experiments\n# Bibliography","[{\"question\":\"What amplifier characteristics does the thesis analyze in Ngspice?\",\"answer\":\"It analyzes matching via S-parameters, AC voltage gain, stability, noise figure, power gain, and DC power consumption for the low noise amplifier.\"},{\"question\":\"How is the analog circuit design problem defined in the machine-learning section?\",\"answer\":\"The problem is formulated around threshold specifications, where exact or threshold constraints on performance metrics guide the design agent.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the role of the filtering pipeline and simulations in the learning approach?\",\"answer\":\"Circuit parameters are sampled within a user-defined range, simulated, and measured; performance metrics are adjusted, and a filtering process produces training data for supervised learning.\"}]","Design and Analysis of Low Noise Amplifiers in Ngspice with a Perspective on Machine Learning Approaches - Thesis | PDF",1785894542,101,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":86,"head_meta":88,"extra_data":90,"updated_unix":28},"design-and-analysis-of-low-noise-amplifiers-in-ngspice-with-a-perspective-on-machine-learning-approaches-thesis","",{"@graph":36,"@context":85},[37,54,68],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/design-and-analysis-of-low-noise-amplifiers-in-ngspice-with-a-perspective-on-machine-learning-approaches-thesis/124777/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":41,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-08-05",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"What amplifier characteristics does the thesis analyze in Ngspice?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"It analyzes matching via S-parameters, AC voltage gain, stability, noise figure, power gain, and DC power consumption for the low noise amplifier.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"How is the analog circuit design problem defined in the machine-learning section?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"The problem is formulated around threshold specifications, where exact or threshold constraints on performance metrics guide the design agent.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"What is the role of the filtering pipeline and simulations in the learning approach?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"Circuit parameters are sampled within a user-defined range, simulated, and measured; 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